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Chapter Seven Resources & Energy
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Mineral resources we use
Can be metals or nonmetals Ore- a natural material (mineral deposits) from where both nonmetals and metals can be mined profitably Types of mining: subsurface, surface, placer, undersea
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Ore Formation: Cooling Magma
As magma cools, dense metallic minerals sink and the minerals collect at the bottom of the magma chamber EXAMPLES: - chromium, nickel, lead
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Ore Formation: Contact Metamorphism
Magma comes in contact with existing rock and heat and chemical reactions with hot fluids from the magma may change rock composition and form ores. EXAMPLES - lead, copper, zinc OR Hot fluids (hydrothermal solutions) move through small cracks in a large mass of rock, forming veins in the rock. EXAMPLES: - gold, tin, lead, copper
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Ore Formation: Moving Water
Native elements are released from rock due to weathering and streams carry the fragments until it becomes too weak to carry the dense materials; the materials become concentrated in stream beds EXAMPLES: - gold
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Examples of How We Use Mineral Resources
Making steel, brass Car batteries Electronics, silverware, coins, jewelry Wiring Drill bits, pencils, lubricants, cement, food preparation Glass, gunpowder, medicines, plaster Wallboard
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Compare Nonrenewable vs. Renewable Energy Sources
Nonrenewable Energy Sources Renewable Energy Sources Limited supply Unlimited supply Produce waste [air pollution (Fossil fuels)] No waste produced Takes time to obtain Natural
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Fossil fuels-types & source
Coal (remains of plants that have undergone carbonization: buried in swamp and becomes peat) Petroleum (microorganisms and plants that have died in shallow prehistoric lakes/oceans, buried by sediment) Natural Gas (microorganisms and plants that have died in shallow prehistoric lakes/oceans, buried by sediment)
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Coal… Types Anthracite Bituminous Lignite Peat
Coal is mined from coal mines in the Earth.
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Petroleum & Natural Gas…
Petroleum floats on water & natural gas floats above the petroleum (density) Found in oil traps and usually neighbor each other
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Fossil fuels- pros & cons
Good amount of energy Expensive to access Constant supply of energy when used Limited Produces pollution & waste Mining damages ecosystems & air pollution
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Nuclear Reactions-fusion vs. fission/pros & cons
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