1. 2. PENCIL 3. GRAPHING CALCULATOR 1.NOTEBOOK AP Stats ‘Must Haves’

2. Dot plots: easiest way to present data in a graph The Role of Statistics Case 1: Sexual Discrimination Problem

3. Recently, a large company had to fire 10 employees because of the sluggish economy. Of these 10 employees, 5 were women. However, only 1/3 of the company’s employees were women. This discrepancy has led the women who were fired to file a sexual discrimination lawsuit. Do they have a legitimate claim?

4. What are our options in this case? -they have a legitimate claim--the company fired a higher proportion of women on purpose -they DON’T have a legitimate claim-- this could have occurred by random chance

5. Let’s SIMULATE the case RED: FEMALE EMPLOYEES BLUE: MALE EMPLOYEES Let’s simulate the firing by using a population of beads to represent the population of the company

6. Does this give evidence of discrimination? HECK NO! Since it is somewhat likely to get 5 or more women by random chance alone, we do not have evidence that women were discriminated against. Probability = 21.3%

7. Distribution How do you interpret a graph ?

8. Constructing Dotplots Label your axis and title your graph. Scale the axis based on the values of the variable Mark a dot above the number of the horizontal axis. The number of goals scored by each team in the first round of California Southern Section Division V high school soccer playoffs: 50107210403020 31503010102031

9. Dotplot ||||||||| 012345678 Goals Scored in California Division 5 Soccer Playoffs S 0 C S Spread Outlier Center Shape Finding a value that divides the observation in half: large values small values Falls outside the overall pattern of the graph Giving the smallest and largest value Long tail to the right or to the left

10. Stemplots

11. How to construct a stemplot (aka stem and leaf plot) Stem: first digit Leaf: remaining digit(s) Example: This lists the number of points Philip’s team scored in last season’s basketball game: 78755681 84869377 67899084 5 6 7 8 9 6 7 578 14469 3

12. Practice Construct a stemplot on the caffein content (in milligrams)for an 8-ounce serving of some popular soft drinks 20152329231523 31283527372724 2647282428 16 38363537272547 27292643283525

13. Homework 1.How many women fired would make you suspicious? 2.In statistics, is it possible that we make the wrong decision? 3.How will you compute for the probability of this case?