1. Nursing Philosophies, Models and Theories
What is their relationship?

2. Terms Used to Describe Philosophies
Ideas
Concepts
One’s beliefs
Answer broad questions
Direct thoughts to moral obligations to society
Contain ethical knowledge that is core value to nursing

3. Terms to Describe Nursing Models
Derived from philosophies
Represents a less complex concept
Nursing models address more specific concepts of person environment, health and nursing
Systematic way to approach nursing practice, education and research
Guide thinking and decision-making

4. Terms to Describe Nursing Theories
Less abstract than nursing models
Outcome of one’s nursing actions is anticipated based on the concepts of the theory
Contain relationships
Derived from models and are more specific to nursing practice. –often a specific area of practice

5. What Are the Four Concepts of the Paradigm of Nursing?
Person
Nursing
Environment
Health

6. Florence Nightingale
Physical and psychological healthy and unhealthy environment
Person was recipient of care comprised of physical, mental, spiritual and emotional components
Health was not only the absence of disease, but also the promotion of personal fitness
Nursing was to help the person attain health through observations and interventions based on knowledge. Different that medical knowledge and more than just book knowledge.

7. Orem’s Self Care Deficit
Environment is anything that impacts the well-being of the patient
Person if the recipient of the nurse’s attention, assessment, planning, intervention and evaluation. Communities are included
Health is one’s ability to manage one’s health care needs.
Wholly compensatory state
Partially compensatory state
Supportive-educative needs

8. Orem
Nursing is assessing patient’s self-care needs and help them overcome limitations.

9. Roy’s Adaptation Model
Environment are those external and internal stimuli affecting the well-being of the patient
Person is an adaptive system
Health is a state of unique individual wholeness.
Nursing is process of critical thinking to assess the patient’s needs and provide the appropriate nursing care

10. Orlando’s Nursing Process Theory
Environment is any setting where the interaction between the patient and the nurse occurs.
Person is a vital member of the health team and must be involved in care
Health is a state where there is an absence of distress. The person defines health
Nursing is response to the patient’s need and focuses on prevention and assistance. Ot os the nursing process

11. Rogers’s Science of Unitary Human Beings
Environment is a pandimensional energy field integrated with the human energy field.
Health occurs when patterns of living are in harmony with environmental change.
Nursing is concerned with studying of human development and is the creative use of nursing for human betterment.
Person is a unified irreducible whole, manifesting characteristics more than the sum of his or her parts, evolving along a space-time continuum.

12. Watson’s Philosophy and Science of Caring
Person is nurse and the client who are interconnected with others and nature.
Environment contains external and internal variables.
Health is an illusive concept which is the unity and harmony of mind, body and spirit.
Nursing is a transpersonal relationship to help others attain a higher degree of harmony.

13. Other Theories Neuman’s Systems Model Leininger’s Cultural Care Theory
Peplau’s Theory of Interpersonal Relations
King’s Theory of Goal Attainment (this was my favorite)
Johnson’s Behavioral Systems Model