1. Cavaliers vs Roundheads
The English Civil War
Cavaliers vs Roundheads

2. Organization of English Govt.
Monarch
Parliament
House of Lords
House of Commons

3. Relationship between monarchs and Parliament
Parliament’s Job: approve new taxes, pass laws proposed by the king / queen and advise the monarch
Monarch had more power than Parliament. Named officials, judges, summoned parliament, dismissed parliament, conducted foreign policy, ran the Church of England

4. Parliament
House of Lords – Nobles who served in Parliament for life. Not elected.
House of Commons – Wealthy landowners. Elected. (represented the common people)

5. England's Political / Economic Problems
English Monarchs like James I and Charles I had to deal with
Problems with Puritans who did not want to be part of England’s Church
Debts accrued from wars with Spain *

6. English Civil War English Civil War 1642-1649
England tries to impose Anglican Church on Scotland. Scottish rebel.
Charles calls Parliament for money. (Long Parliament)
They only agree to help if Charles gives them things such as: abolition of bishops, and Parliament can not be dissolved.
King and Parliament at odds.
King leads troops to arrest radical members of Parliament. Parliament raises troops against the king.

7. Oliver Cromwell Chief “Roundhead” Puritan
Leads Roundhead Army against Charles
Wins
Becomes “Lord Protector”

8. English Civil War Roundheads vs Cavaliers Roundheads: “New Model Army”
“tyrant, traitor, murderer and public enemy”
Charles is tried as a traitor and found guilty

9. Charles I

10. Charles I

11. Life With Cromwell Strong ruler – though not well liked
Puritanical rule – bans books, papers, swearing, working on Sunday etc
When he dies, English want a king back
Ask Charles II (son of the beheaded one) to come back to England and rule

12. Glorious Revolution
James II: Brother of Charles II becomes king in 1685
Catholic
Suspended laws
Appointed Catholics to office
1688: William III of Orange and Mary are asked by Parliament to take the thrown of England.
James II flees to France

13. Changes in English Government
Habeus Corpus – can not be arrested for nothing. Must be given trial
English Bill of Rights
Ruler subject to law
Commoners have rights
Ruler can not impose taxes without Parliament
Free speech to Parliament
No unusual punishment, unusual bail

14. Constitutional Government
Limited Monarchy
3 Institutions:
Political Parties
Whigs and Torries
Cabinet
Prime Minister
Robert Walpole

15. Power of Parliament Parliament gains power over years
Ruler must have a Cabinet of ministers from among parliament leaders
Parliament elects a Prime Minister
Position intended to be chief aide to the king
Gains power over time to become the “president” of Britain. Leader of government.
King / Queen will eventually become a more ceremonial role