1. Do Now Turn in Alien Invasion (staple sheets together)
Get out Protein Synthesis HW
Explain the difference between transcription and translation. (Hint: Think about what is made)
Explain difference between codon and anticodon.
What is the protein for the DNA strand below?
TAATACAGGTTGCGTACT

2. What is the protein for the DNA strand below?
TAATACAGGTTGCGTACT AUUAUGUCCAACGCAUGA
DNA
TRANSCRIPTION
RNA
TRANSLATION
MET
SER
ASN
ALA
STOP

3. Protein Synthesis Review
Video

4. Mutations
Mutations

5. What is a mutation?
Change in the DNA
nitrogen base
sequence of a gene

6. How do Mutations Occur?
Errors in DNA Replication
Replication

7. Damaged DNA caused by agents such as sunlight, smoke, radiation
How do Mutations Occur?
Damaged DNA caused by agents such as sunlight, smoke, radiation

8. How do we get mutations????

9. Two ways to classify mutations
Acquired mutation
Get a mutation at some point in life.
Hint: Think of it like getting sick, but you can’t get rid of it.

11. Two ways to classify mutations
Inherited mutation
Get a mutation from your parents

13. Let’s practice protein synthesis with normal DNA
DNA: TAC AAC GTC ACC ATT
mRNA: AUG UUG CAG UGG UAA
Amino acid: Met Leu Gln Trp STOP

14. Category of Mutation: Point/Substitution
Change in one base of the DNA sequence which can cause a change in amino acid.
Original: The fat cat ate the wee rat
Point mutation: The fat hat ate the wee rat

15. Type of Mutations: Point/Substitution
Change in one base of the DNA sequence which causes a change in amino acid.

16. Mutated Example of a point/substitution mutation
DNA: TAC AAG GTC ACC ATT
mRNA: AUG UUC CAG UGG UAA
Amino acid: Met Phe Gln Trp STOP

17. Example of Point Mutation: Sickle Cell Anemia

19. Sickle Cell Anemia: Point Mutation

20. Sickle Cell Anemia Story
(Beginning to 3:00)

21. Category of Mutation: Frameshift
Addition or deletion of a DNA base resulting in a different sequence of DNA.
Original: The fat cat ate the wee rat
Frameshift mutation: The fat ata tet hew eer at

22. Example of Frameshift Mutation: Tay Sachs

23. Tay Sachs Symptoms: Video

24. Tay Sachs Disease: Frameshift Mutation

25. Type of Mutations: Addition
Addition of one or more bases into a DNA sequence

26. Mutated Example of Insertion
DNA: TAC AAC CGT CAC CAT T
mRNA: AUG UUG GCA GUG GUA A
Amino acid: Met Leu Gly Val Val

27. Type of Mutations: Deletion
The removal of one or more bases in DNA

28. Mutated Example of Deletion
DNA: TAC AAC GCA CCA TT
mRNA: AUG UUG CGU GGU AA
Amino acid: Met Leu Arg Gly

29. Blame it on DNA:
Review Song

30. How does an organism grow?
Through the process of the cell cycle

31. What are the Limits to Cell Size?
The efficiency of Cell Transport; substances need to reach the central part of the cell; if have a great distance to travel, they won’t get there.
Organelle =
Oxygen =
Cell

32. What are the limits to Cell Size?
2. DNA overload; DNA controls everything that occurs in a cell; cell gets too big, its too hard to control everything
I can’t keep up!!!!

33. Cell Division occurs when these two limits have been reached.

34. Problems with Cell Division: Cancer

35. -Disease caused by the uncontrolled division of abnormal cells
What is Cancer?
-Diseased Mitosis
-Disease caused by the uncontrolled division of abnormal cells

36. What are abnormal cells?
Cells that do not die when they should and form new cells when the body does not need them.

38. WHY? Abnormal cells are caused by: Genetics
Lifestyle-tobacco, diet, etc
Environmental: Radiation/Chemicals

39. WHY?
These “things” cause a change or mutation in the cells DNA; making it abnormal

40. *How?
The cancer cells divide continuously; which creates a tumor (mass of cells)

41. Treatment
Surgery is done to remove tumors or as much of the cancerous tissue as possible.

42. Treatment
Chemotherapy is a type of cancer treatment that uses of drugs to eliminate cancer cells. It works by targeting rapidly multiplying cancer cells.

43. Treatment
Radiation therapy uses certain types of energy to shrink tumors or eliminate cancer cells. It works by damaging a cancer cell's DNA, making it unable to multiply.