1. Chapter 15: The Renaissance The Italian States

2. Renaissance Italy

3. The Major Italian States Economics and Politics – 5 major Italian regions: Milan, Venice, Florence, Naples, and Rome(Papal States) – Milan 14th century Visconti Family Connected Alps to rest of the Italian trade cities 1447: Francesco Sforza conquered Milan – Did it for the money – Established a strong central government – Established a tax system for the government

4. Milan

5. Venice

6. The Major Italian Cities Venice – Served as the commercial link between Asia and Western Europe – Established as a republic with a doge as its leader – Reality is that the aristocrats/wealthy merchants ran the city – International power due to its large trading ports

7. Florence

8. The Major Italian Cities Florence – Established as a republic in the Tuscany region – Started off as a small city but grew through military conquest – 1434: Cosimo de Medici Established the de Medici family as the leaders of Florence Led Florence to become cultural center of Italy – As cities gain more power, the Church loses power Girolano Savonarola (Preacher) – Spoke out against the corruption of the Medici family – Drove them to be exiled from Florence

9. The De Medici Family

10. The Major Italian Cities Papal States – Included Rome – Controlled by the Catholic Church

11. Naples

12. The Major Italian States Naples – Only major state that was a monarchy Conflict in Europe – Italian prosperity led to the French attacking the city states – 1494: took control of Naples – Italy called for help from Spain – 1527: Rome ransacked by all

13. Machiavelli’s The Prince Most influential work on politics of the time Main idea: How does one gain and maintain power? Set of rules as to how to govern Morality is unrelated to politics Must act on behalf of the state Must be willing to do both good and evil

16. Renaissance Society 3 classes within society: Clergy, Nobility, Peasants Nobility – Expected to live up to the standards of the Renaissance – Nobles were born not made – Required, character, grace, and talent – The aim was to serve the prince in an effective and honest way – This made a perfect noble

17. Renaissance Society Peasants – Patricians Money from banking, trade, and industry – Burghers Shopkeepers, artisans, and guild masters – Workers Unskilled workers – Unemployed

18. Family and Marriage Marriage – Arranged between family – Designed to strengthen families and business ties – Dowry was given by wife’s family for marriage Family – Husband/father was center of family – Absolute authority over all in family – Mother supervised household and children

19. Chapter 15: The Renaissance Ideas and Art

20. Renaissance Humanism What is Humanism? – Intellectual Movement – Education based on grammar, poetry, history, and philosophy – Studied ancient Greek and Roman writers – Ancient Greece and Rome seen as the perfect society

21. Renaissance Humanism Francesco Petrarch – Father of Renaissance Humanism – Humanism is a solitary life No place for family No place for civic duty – Mentality change in the 1400’s – Byzantine and Islamic influenced humanists as it gave them a greater understanding of the Greeks

22. Renaissance Humanism Vernacular Literature – The local spoken language – Before this time, literature was written in Latin – Dante Divine Comedy One of first novels to be written in vernacular Wanted everyone to be able to read it Plot: – Soul’s journey to Paradise

23. Renaissance Humanism Christine de Pizan – The Book of the City of Ladies – Argued that women could learn just as easily as men – Contrary to popular belief which was women could not learn

24. Renaissance Education Humanists had major effect on education – Liberal Studies HistoryGrammar MathPublic Speaking PoetryAstronomy EthicsMusic – Goal: Create a well rounded citizen and not just a scholar – Emphasis on physical education – Prepared boys for leadership roles and aristocratic lives

25. Italian Renaissance Art Changes in art in the 14 th century – Fresco Painting done on wet plaster Water Based paint – Perspective Making images pop off page instead of being flat Creating Depth in art – Human Anatomy Looked at movement in body and human anatomy became more natural and realistic

26. Masaccio- The Tribute Money

27. Giotto- The Mourning of Christ

28. Renaissance Art Sculpture – Evolution in sculpture – Began looking at the human body and human centered world – Donatello Most well known sculptor of this time period Used styles to make the human body look more alive and realistic

29. Donatello- St. George

30. Renaissance Art Architecture – Change from Gothic Architecture Classic Greek Columns Large rounded arches and domes The interior was large but intimate at the same time – Filippo Brunelleschi Most well known architect Model buildings after seeing Rome

31. Brunelleschi- Church of San Lorenzo

32. Renaissance Art High Renaissance (1490-1520) – Leonardo Da Vinci The true “Renaissance man” – Artist, scientist, inventor, writer Aspired for perfection in art Wanted to go beyond realism

33. Da Vinci- The Mona Lisa

34. Renaissance Art High Renaissance – Raphael Sanzio Known for paintings of Jesus and Mary (madonnas) Master of balance, harmony, and order in painting

35. Raphael- School of Athens

36. Renaissance Art High Renaissance – Michelangelo Buonarroti Master sculptor Master painter Contracted by Rome to create Sistine Chapel

37. Michelangelo- David

38. Michelangelo- Sistine Chapel Ceiling