1.  Cell Functions and Viral Lifecycles Topics in Human Pathophysiology Fall 2011 Gilead Drug Safety and Public Health

2. Outline  Enzymes  Organelles  Energy Production  DNA Replication  Protein Synthesis  Retrovirus Lifecycles

3.  Figure 2.23 Proteins in the cells have a variety of functions including structural proteins, and enzymes. Enzymes catalyze almost all cellular reactions “metabolism” Enzymes

4. Organelles

5. Energy Production by Cell Cellular Respiration Animation

6. Nucleus

7. DNA Structure

8. Replication Produces an exact copy of DNA Occurs prior to every cell division Transcription Converts a portion of double-stranded DNA to a single-stranded mRNA Occurs within the nucleus Translation Converts an mRNA code into one or more proteins Takes place in the cytoplasm DNA mRNA Protein Replication, Transcription, and Translation

9. Keys: = Cytosine = Adenine = Guanine = Thymine Parent strandNew (daughter) strands forming Parent strand a) The double-stranded DNA unwinds, and each single strand serves as a template for a new complementary strand. DNA Replication

10. Cell Division

12. Figure 3.33 Gene Expression

13. Figure 3.34b Transcription Animation Link

14. Figure 3.36 Translation Animation link

15. Figure 3.38

16. Figure 9.20 HIV virus

17. Retrovirus Lifecycle Animation Link