1. Implementing EU Integrated Climate Change & Energy Policy up to 2020 – Sharing the Efforts 7th Inter-Parliamentary Meeting on Renewable Energy Martin SCHÖPE Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety Berlin, 5th October 2007 Renewable Energy: Developments and Perspectives

2. 2 Climate change: limit temperature increase to 2°C >-30% GHG emissions / at least -20% GHG Energy security: reduce import dependence Competitiveness: innovative industries > 20 % Renewable Energy (2005: 6.5 %) > Saving 20% of EU’s energy consumption EUROPEAN COUNCIL 2007 Historical decision up to 2020: -30/-20% / + 20% / + 20%

3. 3  RE development in Germany  RE future targets and perspectives in Germany  Some elements for the new EU Directive for RE

6. 6 Electricity Generation from RE

7. 7 Priority access for RE to the power grid Priority transmission and distribution Obligation of grid operators to purchase the electricity produced from RE Fixed price (“tariff”) for every kilowatt hour produced from RE for 20 years The Instrument: Feed in Tariff System: EEG (I)

8. 8 EEG (II) Equalisation of additional costs for electricity from RE between all grid operators and electricity suppliers All different types of RE are considered and tariffs are differentiated by source and size of the plant Annual decrease (-1,5% - -6,5%) due to technical development (degression)

10. 10 Heat supply from RE

11. 11 The Instrument: The Market Incentive Program (MAP) Supports of 2000-2006: Investment grants and loans for 2000- 2006: 827 Mio. € Investment volumes of the promoted measures: 6,5 Billion € Balance of 2006: conveyances: about 160 Mio. € Investment volumes: about 1,6 Billion €

14. 14 Biofuels: Fiscal regulations Until 31.7.2006 all biofuels were exempted from energy taxation High value of energy tax exemption: - tax rate on diesel fuel: 47 Ct/l - tax rate gasoline: 65 Ct/l Driver for change of support system were tax expenditure losses System change from 1.1.2007 from price regulation (by tax exemption) to quantity regulation (by quota system)

15. 15 Quota on biofuels quota system starts 1.1.2007 based on energy content sub-quotas - remain valid also after 2009 current share is more than doubled until 2015: 200720082009201020112012201320142015 Diesel fuel4.4% Gasoline1.2%2.0%2.8%3.6% Total quota 6.25%6.75%7.0%7.25%7.5%7.75%8.0%

16. 16 Results of RE (I): Saved CO2 emissions

17. Results of RE (II): New industry

18. 18 Results of RE (III): Employment

19. 19 RE future targets and perspectives Comprehensive energy and climate change programme (Meseberg, August 2007) Objectives for RE for 2020 Electricity generation: 25-30% EEG continues Heating: 14% Incentives + obligation Biofuels: 17% Quota / Blending  RE Target 2020: 18-19% (FEC)

20. 20 German RE-Electricity Production 1990-2030 Source: EEG-EB, BMU Entwurf, Stand Juni 2007

21. 21 Additional EEG-Costs 1990-2030 Development of the estimated differential costs and the additional EEG-Costs for households ( per person and month, basis 2007)

22. 22 Benefits of RE Example of Germany, 2006: 5 bn EURO: Lower Wholesale price for electricity 0.9 bn EURO: Savings of Fuel imports 3.4 bn EURO: Avoided damage from climate change and air pollution

23. 23 Starting points for EU-Policy 1.RE-Share 2020: 20%! 2.All Member States have to exploit their potentials, all technologies are required 3.New Directive has to be compatible with successful MS policies and instruments 4.No disruption of markets

24. 24 Source: COM Communication on RE-Roadmap

25. 25 Additional RES-E penetration 1997 - 2005 Source: Fraunhofer ISI

26. 26 Policies for the three sectors Biofuels: based on consumption („placing on the market“ through blending / quota obligation) Heating/Cooling: based on production Electricity: based on production Additional consumption element “Compensation”/”Trade”/”Balancing”

27. 27 “ Mandatory ” Trade (1) RE producer can sell their GC/GoO to any other market actor or Member State: –Phyical RE power has to be integrated in the „exporting“ MS system –RE share is counted against the „importing“ MS target

28. 28 „Mandatory Trade“ (2) 1.Mandatory Trade of GC/GoO destroys Feed-in Tariffs when applicable in parallel 2.Countries with low cost potentials/ technologies will lose that potential 3.Additional costs Case of Germany: ~ 4 Billion €/α 2020 for Germany > Trade ~ 40% more expensive > Loss of public acceptance EU-wide: 100 Billion € up to 2020

29. 29 „Mandatory“ trade (3)

30. 30 “Voluntary” Trade Pending on Government agreement and criteria: (similar to the existing RES-E Directive) > Trade after the national target is reached (interim targets) >time period for the purchase (life time?) >Technology differentiation Compatible with existing national policies

31. 31 “Balancing Model” Financial Equalisation/Compensation Idea: Equal sharing of the additional costs in all MS 1.MS with strong RE increase receive a compensation (according to the average of the additional costs) 2.MS with slow RE increase participate in the additional costs and benefit in accounting for their target by the amount of financial participation >Separation of RE generation from additional costs (Example: EEG)

32. 32 Balancing (2): Lowest Costs Balancing of costs on the basis of a harmonised premium: 15 € / MWh (for all RES-E sources) corresponds approximately to 1/3 of the total transfer costs good approximation for the ratio of national and international benefits Example for new RES-E generation in the EU-27 until 2015: Total Payments: 43 bn €./. 480 TWh (RE) = ca. 9 ct/kWh EU Transfer:7.2 bn € = ca. 1.5 ct/kWh (=„premium“) 7.2 bn €./. 3500 TWh (total Power) = ca. 0.2 ct/kWh (add. costs for each consumer)

33. 33 “Balancing Model” (3) Benefits: 1.Compatible with existing policies in MS 2.Encourages allocation at the best locations 3.Starts immediately 4.This model complies with the internal market rules 5.New EU Agricultural Policy ? NO! Introduce a degression rate

34. 34 Essential elements of the new EU RE Make (national) instruments strong! Sector targets, interim targets Priority connection for RE - electricity Sustainability criteria for bioenergy Sufficient level of support Streamlining planning procedures Sanctions for non-compliance

35. 35 Conclusions (1) Balancing Model and „voluntary“ trade with MS agreement can complement existing policies –Both can be combined (interim targets) Balancing Model redistributes imediately GC/GoO exchange will start later

36. 36 Conclusions (2) Interrelation of RE expansion with GHG reduction policy: –Consideration of RE share within calculation of EU ETS –But separate policy instruments: CO2 price is not sufficient for 20 % RE target

37. 37 Thank you for your attention ! Porto 20% 7% Together we can make it. The future is promising!