1. Bernhard Friedrich Hanover, May 2001 Strategic Control in Metropolitan Areas Bernhard Friedrich Institute of Transport Engineering and Planning Hanover University Viking Workshop on Traffic Models in the Traffic Management May 8, 2001 Hanover

2. Bernhard Friedrich Hanover, May 2001 2 traffic information pool, strategy + servive centre level of service improvement of intermodality long term short term optimization of road traffic in networks multimodal multimedia information Traffic control in the context of urban and traffic planning sustainable urban development, new forms of mobility traffic demand transport supply

3. Bernhard Friedrich Hanover, May 2001 3 Optimization of Road Traffic MOBINET demonstration sites

4. Bernhard Friedrich Hanover, May 2001 4 Traffic Actuated  Thresholds (logical requirements)  constraints (requirements of time) Basics Data Processing  t < max  t tg+t < max tg tg := tg + t Fixed Time Control  e.g. depending on time of day  e.g. manual selection

5. Bernhard Friedrich Hanover, May 2001 5 Traffic Actuated  Thresholds (logical requirements)  constraints (requirements of time) Basics Fixed Time Control  e.g. depending on time of day  e.g. manual selection Traffic Adaptive  Traffic Demand and Traffic Flow Modelling, Impact Criteria online  Optimisation Objective Function Data Processing  t < max  t tg+t < max tg tg := tg + t

6. Bernhard Friedrich Hanover, May 2001 6 102030405060708090 144266 22 Signal Plan 12 14 Potentials An Example q1 = 700 q2 = 600

7. Bernhard Friedrich Hanover, May 2001 7 Potentials Saturation and Impacts q1: 700 1000 q2: 600 700

8. Bernhard Friedrich Hanover, May 2001 8 Potentials Saturation and Impacts An Example Saturation Ratio r1 Total Delay W(r1) [Fzh/h] W(1,09) W(1,19)  W = 20,13 [Fzh/h] q1 = 1000 q2 = 700

9. Bernhard Friedrich Hanover, May 2001 9 State of the Art Requirements for New Concepts Distributed and Modular System Architecture Immediate Reaction to stochastic variations of traffic Using the Knowledge on OD-Streams in the Network Option to Integrate Other Traffic Modes (PT-Priority, Pedestrians)

10. Bernhard Friedrich Hanover, May 2001 10 Local Controller BALANCE System Architecture Local: Fast Reaction to Stochastic Events

11. Bernhard Friedrich Hanover, May 2001 11 Area Wide: Adaptation to Changing Demand Network Control BALANCE System Architecture Local: Fast Reaction to Stochastic Events

12. Bernhard Friedrich Hanover, May 2001 12 Markovian Chains: BALANCE Macroscopic Traffic Model

13. Bernhard Friedrich Hanover, May 2001 13 BALANCE Macroscopic Traffic Model observed queue lengths calculated queue lengths Markov Model 1

14. Bernhard Friedrich Hanover, May 2001 14 BALANCE Microscopic Traffic Model

15. Bernhard Friedrich Hanover, May 2001 15 1) Cliques (offline) BALANCE Building a Frame Signal Plan 2) Stage Scheme and Sequence (offline) 3) Cycle Time 4) Split 5) Offset tu I. II. III. IV. Coordination Fixpoint Stage I I. II. III. IV. I. II. III. IV. 2) Stage Scheme and Sequence (offline) 1) Cliques (offline)

16. Bernhard Friedrich Hanover, May 2001 16 BALANCE Field Trial  14% Savings in Delay

17. Bernhard Friedrich Hanover, May 2001 17 BALANCE Adaptive Control in München-Riem

18. Bernhard Friedrich Hanover, May 2001 18 BALANCE Impact Analysis by Simulation

19. Bernhard Friedrich Hanover, May 2001 19 Results Average Delay per Vehicle Avg. Delay [s] Fixed Time and Morning peak Evening peak

20. Bernhard Friedrich Hanover, May 2001 20 MOBINET the middle ring road in Munich control methods 1.ramp metering 2.adaptive signal control (BALANCE) 3.dynamic lane assignment 4.ring info

21. Bernhard Friedrich Hanover, May 2001 21 Strategic Level / Strategy Centre Active influence on control by the definition of traffic policies through the objective function Tactical level - area 1 Reactive Optimisation according to demand and objective function Tactical level - area n Local level – junction 1 microscopic adaptation to stochastic hours minutes seconds Duration of implementation / reacton time Strategic requirements Network state frame- plans aggregated detection values Local level – junction n Perspectives System Architecture

22. Bernhard Friedrich Hanover, May 2001 22 Perspectives Munich system architecture

23. Bernhard Friedrich Hanover, May 2001 23 Perspectives strategic control

24. Bernhard Friedrich Hanover, May 2001 24