2.  New Orleans, 1900  Why New Orleans? ◦ Mix of cultures  Creole  French  Spanish  White  Black  Caribbean  All the ingredients of jazz met and mixed in the streets of New Orleans  http://www.joy2learn.org/jazz/history- of-jazz/origins-of-jazz/ http://www.joy2learn.org/jazz/history- of-jazz/origins-of-jazz/

3.  No one knows for sure which musicians were the first to play jazz  The most likely candidate was cornet player Buddy Bolden  His music was never recorded

4.  It was “free”  Improvised- music that isn’t written down (improv) ◦ Never the same way twice  Music centered in the black community in the south  https://www.youtube.com/wa tch?v=0TvxkpiD-zw https://www.youtube.com/wa tch?v=0TvxkpiD-zw

5.  Each melody instrument has a distinctive role in the song  Drums = Keep Time  Tuba/Bass = Bass line  Trumpet/Cornet = Melody  Clarinet = Embellishment  Trombone = “Tailgating” (slide)  Each musician puts personal touches on the melody  King Oliver’s Creole Band  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o41DMsV5MF A https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o41DMsV5MF A

6.  White group, blending all styles around them  In 1917: recorded first “jazz” recording in NYC ◦ “Dixieland Jass Band One-Step” ◦ “Livery Stable Blues”

7.  A white group playing “black” music…  The band leader did not help matters by saying that white musicians in New Orleans invented jazz

8.  Tune recorded by the Original Dixieland Jass Band  Trumpet, clarinet, trombone, rhythm section  Original recordings had no bass line – why? ◦ Low frequencies made the recording needle jump ◦ https://www.youtube.com/wat ch?v=89fZGnAdago https://www.youtube.com/wat ch?v=89fZGnAdago

9.  Bought more than a million copies at 75 cents each- more than any single record in history

10.  Thomas Edison joked that he played jazz records backwards because they “sounded better that way”  Younger people loved it- it was fast, exciting, and ideal for dancing

11.  However, many white Americans resisted Jazz Music  Jazz was considered rebellious – like ragtime before it  Criticized by political/religious leaders  Associated with stupidity, crime, and interracial mingling  There were “professional” reports that even tried to link jazz to suicide, insanity, and indigestion

12.  Jazz arrived on the scene just as ragtime was beginning to become ‘acceptable’ to dance to  (This will repeat itself)  Considered a musical “novelty” – everyone wanted to try it just once to say they did

13.  White people could “experience what it was like to be black” without going near a black person.  (This will repeat itself)  Audience for jazz expanded after WWI

14.  Louis Armstrong Louis Armstrong