1. Chapter 1: The World in 1500

2. 1.1 Societies of North America

3. Were there people in North America before Columbus “discovered” it?

4. Where did they come from?

5. How did they get here?
Beringia

6. Were they doing okay with out European intervention?1.
Anasazi- Arizona 3. pottery 4. basket 5. mound builders-W. Virginia 6. iroquois league – New York 7. petroglyphs - Utah

7. Would they had been better off if Europeans hadn’t found them?

8. 1.2 Europe

9. Prior to the “ discovery” of America, Europe was experiencing the Middle Ages (Dark Ages)

10. During this time, the Crusades take place
war by Christians to take back “Holy Land” from Muslims
while fighting they decided Asia was a good place to shop!!

11. Renaissance
“Rebirth” in art and learning -new inventions (i.e. - printing press)
Brings Europe out of the “Dark Ages”

12. Reformation
During this time only one religion allowed in Europe – Roman Catholic Church
Martin Luther criticized Catholic Church
Eventually split Christianity into Catholic & Protestant

13. 1.3 Early European Explorers

15. Portugal led the way…..
Bartholomeu Dias - first to reach the tip of Africa
Vasco de Gama – first to sail around Africa and reach Asia

16. I can find a better way to Asia!!
Christopher Columbus
I can find a better way to Asia!!
Plan to reach Asia by sailing west
He thought ….
Short trip
Smaller earth
Larger Asia
No land in between!!!

17. King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain agreed to pay.
They wanted…
$$$ from trade
Spread Catholicism

18. I told you I could find a better way to Asia!!
He left in 1492 – took 70 days (not 21)!!
thought he had reached the Indies
(islands in SE Asia)
greeted by Taino - called them Indians
I told you I could find a better way to Asia!!

19. made 3 more trips to the Americas MAP
he died believing he had reached Asia

20. Ch. 2 : European Exploration of the Americas
1570

21. 2.1 Spain Claims an Empire

22. What important feats are credited to the following:
Amerigo Vespucci? –realized Columbus didn’t reach Asia – America is named for him
That place Columbus went was so NOT Asia!

23. Vasco Nunez de Balboa? - 1st to reach Pacific Ocean – did so by crossing Panama

24. Ferdinand Magellan? - crew was first to circumnavigate world

25. We are just here for the gold!
Hernando Cortez? – defeated Aztecs, gained riches for Spain
Welcome to our land.
We are just here for the gold!

26. Yeah!! More Gold for Spain!
Francisco Pizarro? – conquered the Incas, more riches for Spain
Yeah!! More Gold for Spain!

27. How did 100s of conquistadors defeat 1000s of Aztec & Incas??
brought germs that caused disease

28. Had guns, horses, armor

29. Made alliances with their enemies

30. 2.2 European Competition in North America

31. #2. Why did so many nations look for the Northwest Passage?
Still trying to get to Asia by water

32. #3. Why do Spain & England not get along?
Religion –
Spain is Catholic
England is Protestant
$$$ – English stealing from Spanish ships
Power - Spain claimed all of America – told others to keep out!

33. We are Protestant. We don’t take orders from the Pope!
You can’t keep us out either!
The Pope said the New World was ours!! Keep out!

34. #4. Multi Flow map……

35. Defeat of the Spanish Armada Spain’s image suffered – no longer
Spain wants to take
over England AND
make it Catholic
Spain’s image
suffered –
no longer
unbeatable
Defeat of the
Spanish Armada
21 miles
Spanish Armada
is sent to fight in the
English Channel –
the large ships
can’t maneuver
England gets to
remain
independent
AND
Protestant
Armada retreats –
is hit by a
severe storm
and barely makes
it home
Other nations
will challenge
Spain’s claims
to the
“new world”

36. fur trade with Native Americans
# 5. Why did the French and Dutch establish their first settlements in the Northeast ? What economic activity were they engaged in?
looking for the Northwest Passage
fur trade with Native Americans

37. 2.3: The Impact of Colonization

38. How did the Spanish mistreat Native Americans?
Made them slaves!!!

39. Diego Rivera mural in Mexico City

40. Why did the Spanish and Portuguese need a new labor source?
Native Americans died from disease, overwork or ran away

41. #6. Why did the Spanish begin to import African slaves?
immune to their disease
no family or friends to escape to
experience in farming
cheap source of permanent labor

42. #7. What was the “middle passage”?
Leg of the triangular trade route that shipped slaves ships from Africa to America

43. #8. What was the Columbian Exchange?
Transfer of plants, animals and diseases between hemispheres
Western Hemisphere
Eastern Hemisphere

44. COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE
WEST
EAST
Potatoes +
Coffee Beans +

45. What were the positive and negative effects of the Columbian Exchange?
Positive- plants and animals
America got :
cows, pigs, horses, sheep
grapes, onion, wheat
Europe got :
potatoes, corn, peanuts
Negative – transfer of germs!
diseases such as smallpox, measles & malaria
killed an estimated 20 million Native American