1. Philip II of Spain

2. Biography of Philip II Born in 1527 Began his reign in January 1556
Died in 1598

3. Spanish Empire of Philip II

4. Philip’s II Personal Characteristics
Well Read and Educated
Deeply Religious - Catholicism
Hardworking, “workaholic”
Enjoyed the Arts and Music
Prudent - Mistrusted his own judgment and relied on the advice of others
Suspicious
Believed in Divine Right
Philip II of Spain

5. ↓ Outside Pictures of Palace
Home Sweet Home
Escorial Palace
→ Library
↓ Outside Pictures of Palace

6. Create a list of 4 adjectives that you would use to describe Philip II?

7. Events of Reign Battled France for control of Italy Why conquer Italy?
Phillip II feared that the French would have control of the Mediterranean Sea and also; Muslim Turks would conquer Italy and eventually attack his empire.

8. Events of Reign Battled France for control of Italy
Attacked Turkish strongholds in Mediterranean
Battle of Lepanto
1571
Greece/Spanish fleet defeated Turkish Navy; yet not able to drive from Mediterranean Sea

9. Events of Reign Battled France for control of Italy
Attacked Turkish strongholds in Mediterranean
Dutch Revolts in United Provinces of the Netherlands (1560’s – 1579)

10. Dutch Revolt Causes Religious conflict (Protestantism vs. Catholicism)
18,ooo were killed when Phillip II ordered the enforcement of laws against Protestants
Effects
Lost 7 Netherland provinces in 1581, mostly Protestant
And…
Spanish Inquisition

11. Events of Reign Battled France for control of Italy
Attacked Turkish strongholds in Mediterranean
Dutch Revolts in United Provinces of the Netherlands (1560’s – 1579)
Spanish Armada (1588), unsuccessful attack on England
Why attack England?
(1)To prevent England from supporting the Dutch rebels, (2) from pursuing New World efforts and (3) the spread of Protestantism (Queen Elizabeth)

12. Events of Reign Battled France for control of Italy
Attacked Turkish strongholds in Mediterranean
Dutch Revolts in United Provinces of the Netherlands (1560’s – 1579)
Spanish Armada (1588), unsuccessful attack on England
Economic instability – Inflation and drained treasury

13. Sources of Economic Instability
Inflation caused by huge imports of gold and silver from New World
High taxes on lower classes prevented the development of a middle class
Guilds kept domestic prices high, so people brought foreign goods (trade imbalance)
Costly wars

14. During Philip II’s reign, Spain’s empire began to weaken
During Philip II’s reign, Spain’s empire began to weaken. What evidence supports this statement?

15. Accomplishments
King of Spanish Empire from 1556 – Acquired empire from his father, Charles IX
What Philip II inherited had a marked impact on his decades as king of Spain. Two important factors were:
A Country (Spain) bound by Catholicism
The Spanish Netherlands: which financially supported the Spanish Empire’s foreign matters with their large shipping fleet and strong economy

16. Accomplishments
King of Spanish Empire from 1556 – Acquired empire from his father, Charles IX
Culture blossomed – “Golden Age of Spain” (1550 – 1650)
Art
El Greco – painted saints & martyrs; deeply religious
Diego Velazquez – painted portraits of royal family and court life
Cervantes – Don Quixote, birth of the modern novel

17. Accomplishments
King of Spanish Empire from 1556 – Acquired empire from his father, Charles IX
Culture blossomed – “Golden Age of Spain” (1550 – 1650)
Sent Jesuit priests to convert Protestants all over Europe – winning parts of Germany, E. Europe & Netherlands
Led Catholic reformation in Spain

18. Accomplishments
King of Spanish Empire from 1556 – Acquired empire from his father, Charles IX
Culture blossomed – “Golden Age of Spain” (1550 – 1650)
Sent Jesuit priests to convert Protestants all over Europe – winning parts of Germany, E. Europe & Netherlands
Led Catholic reformation in Spain
Heavily supported the expansion of the Spanish Empire into the New World

19. What accomplishments exemplify Philip II as an absolute monarch?

20. What characteristics does Philip II posses that make him an absolute monarch?