1. Copyright © 2311 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

2. Chapter 23 The Texas Legislature

3. Copyright © 2311 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Chapter Outline and Learning Objectives Roots of the Legislative Branch LO 23.1: Trace the historical development of Texas’ legislative branch. The State Constitution and the Legislative Branch of Government LO 23.2: Identify the provisions of the state constitution that apply to the Texas state legislative branch.

4. Copyright © 2311 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Chapter Outline and Learning Objectives Who Are the Members of the Legislature? LO 23.3: Characterize the membership of the two houses of the Texas state legislature. How is the Texas Legislature Organized? LO 23.4: Outline the structure of the Texas legislature.

5. Copyright © 2311 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Chapter Outline and Learning Objectives How Does the Legislature Make Laws and Budgets? LO 23.5: Summarize the process through which the Texas Legislature enacts laws and establishes the state budget. How Do Legislators Make Decisions? LO 23.6: Describe the factors that influence how legislators make decisions.

6. Copyright © 2311 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Chapter Outline and Learning Objectives What is the Governor’s Role in the Legislative Process? LO 23.7: Assess the governor’s role in the legislative process. Toward Reform: The Public and the Legislature LO 23.8: Evaluate proposals the reform the legislature.

7. Copyright © 2311 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Roots of the Legislative Branch LO 23.1: Trace the historical development of Texas’ legislative branch. LO 23.1: Trace the historical development of Texas’ legislative branch. Predecessors: Mexican legislature and Congress of the Republic of Texas Diverse TX population, but legislature dominated by Anglos –Tejanos participation in independence and republic –African Americans active during Reconstruction until 1895 –No African American served again until 1967, after the passage of the federal Voting Rights Act of 1965 To Learning Objectives

8. Copyright © 2311 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman What ethnic group has dominated the Texas legislature since its inception? A.Tejanos B.Anglos C.African Americans D.Asian Americans E.Native Americans LO 23.1 To Learning Objectives

9. Copyright © 2311 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman What ethnic group has dominated the Texas legislature since its inception? A.Tejanos B.Anglos C.African Americans D.Asian Americans E.Native Americans LO 23.1 To Learning Objectives

10. Copyright © 2311 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Constitutional Provisions Affecting Legislators –Who can run for officeWho can run for office –Length of Terms Representatives 2 yrs Senators 4 yrs –Temporary Acting Legislators –Compensation Sessions of the Legislature –Biennial legislature –Special session The State Constitution and the Legislative Branch of Government LO 23.2: Identify the provisions of the state constitution that apply to the Texas state legislative branch. LO 23.2: Identify the provisions of the state constitution that apply to the Texas state legislative branch. To Learning Objectives

11. Copyright © 2311 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman A legislative session of up to thirty days, called by the governor is called a A.a special session. B.a regular session. C.a biennial legislature. D.a bicameral legislature. E.per diem. LO 23.2 To Learning Objectives

12. Copyright © 2311 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman A legislative session of up to thirty days, called by the governor is called a A.a special session. B.a regular session. C.a biennial legislature. D.a bicameral legislature. E.per diem. LO 23.2 To Learning Objectives

13. Copyright © 2311 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Variables Affecting Members’ Election –Redistricting 1947 Legislative Redistricting Board if legislature fails 1965 forced redistricting to assure equal representation 2003 battle between Republicans and Democrats –Reelection rates and turnover of membership Most seek reelection and most are successful No term limits Average tenure: –13.6 yrs in TX Senate –8 yrs in TX House Who Are the Members of the Legislature? LO 23.3: Characterize the membership of the two houses of the Texas state legislature. LO 23.3: Characterize the membership of the two houses of the Texas state legislature. To Learning Objectives

14. Copyright © 2311 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Demographics of TX House and Senate change.TX House Senate Occupation, education, and religion –Most are business people or lawyers  low pay –Majority have graduate degrees –Roman Catholics largest group. Gender, race, ethnicity, and age ‒ Women: 19% TX Senate; 25% TX House ‒ African American: 6% TX Senate; 9% TX House ‒ Hispanic: 19% TX Senate; 21% TX House ‒ Age: 40s and 50s Party and ideology –Democratic  Republican over time LO 23.3 Personal and Political Characteristics of Members To Learning Objectives

15. Copyright © 2311 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Which of the following groups has increased its representation in the Texas legislature today as compared with 50 years ago? A. Anglos B. Baptists C. Business people D. Men E. Republicans LO 23.3 To Learning Objectives

16. Copyright © 2311 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Which of the following groups has increased its representation in the Texas legislature today as compared with 50 years ago? A. Anglos B. Baptists C. Business people D. Men E. Republicans LO 23.3 To Learning Objectives

17. Copyright © 2311 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman How is the Texas Legislature Organized? LO 23.4: Outline the structure of the Texas legislature. LO 23.4: Outline the structure of the Texas legislature. Leaders Committees Legislative party caucuses Leadership and Opposition in the House –Race for Speak of the House –Speaker’s influence over committees Leadership and Opposition in the Senate –Role of Lieutenant Governor –Coalition Building To Learning Objectives

18. Copyright © 2311 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Who has almost unchecked influence over committee appointment in the Texas House? A.The governor B.The lieutenant governor C.The speaker of the house D.The president pro tempore E.The legislative party caucuses LO 23.4 To Learning Objectives

19. Copyright © 2311 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Who has almost unchecked influence over committee appointment in the Texas House? A.The governor B.The lieutenant governor C.The speaker of the house D.The president pro tempore E.The legislative party caucuses LO 23.4 To Learning Objectives

20. Copyright © 2311 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman How Does the Legislature Make Laws and Budgets? LO 23.5: Summarize the process through which the Texas Legislature enacts laws and establishes the state budget. LO 23.5: Summarize the process through which the Texas Legislature enacts laws and establishes the state budget. A bill is a proposed law. A joint resolution is a proposed amendment to the Texas or U.S. constitutions. Rules, procedures, and internal government established by constitution and “housekeeping” resolutions. To Learning Objectives

21. Copyright © 2311 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Similarities in law-making process in TX House and TX Senatelaw-making process –A bill be read on 3 separate days in each chamber. –It must pass both chambers in the exact same form. –Most committees considered bills in public hearings, in which citizens may testify for or against the bill, but House committees may consider bills in formal meetings. –Subcommittee meetings are less formal and simply ratify decisions made earlier. LO 23.5 How a Bill Becomes a Law To Learning Objectives

22. Copyright © 2311 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman The House Calendars Committee –Controversial and subject to 1993 reforms –Most decisions made behind the scenes The Senate scheduling function –Local and Uncontested Calendar –Two-thirds rule –Bottleneck bill –Intent Calendar The bill reaches the floor ‒ Quorum requirements Two bills into one LO 23.5 How a Bill Becomes a Law To Learning Objectives

23. Copyright © 2311 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Legislative Budget Board (LBB) and Governor’s Budget Office (GBO) joint hearings to hear requests from state agencies and the public. Legislators work with –Separate budgets submitted by the LBB and the GBO; –Constitutional requirement for balanced budget; –The comptroller’s revenue estimate; and –1978 constitutional spending limits LO 23.5 The Budgeting Process To Learning Objectives

24. Copyright © 2311 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman What procedure in the Texas Senate insures deliberation and compromise? A.The two-thirds rule B.The filibuster C.The quorum D.The engrossed bill E.The third reading LO 23.4 To Learning Objectives

25. Copyright © 2311 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman What procedure in the Texas Senate insures deliberation and compromise? A.The two-thirds rule B.The filibuster C.The quorum D.The engrossed bill E.The third reading LO 23.4 To Learning Objectives

26. Copyright © 2311 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman How Do Legislators Make Decisions? LO 23.6: Describe the factors that influence how legislators make decisions. LO 23.6: Describe the factors that influence how legislators make decisions. In decision making, legislators interact –with executive branch officials, judges, voters, lobbyists, reporters, staff members, party officials, and federal and other state officials. –with a social system with norms of behavior and roles, from “backscratching” to “logrolling.” Growth of legislative staff –For technical and political assistance/specialized information Lobbyists –Provide specialized information To Learning Objectives

27. Copyright © 2311 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Which of the following groups has long been a source of specialized information to Texas legislators? A.Voters B.Reporters C.Legislative staff D.Lobbyists E.Federal officials LO 23.4 To Learning Objectives

28. Copyright © 2311 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Which of the following groups has long been a source of specialized information to Texas legislators? A.Voters B.Reporters C.Legislative staff D.Lobbyists E.Federal officials LO 23.4 To Learning Objectives

29. Copyright © 2311 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman What is the Governor’s Role in the Legislative Process? LO 23.7: Assess the governor’s role in the legislative process. LO 23.7: Assess the governor’s role in the legislative process. Governors can –make an emergency declaration for bills (which allows the bills to be heard early in a legislative session) –add bills to a call for a special session –sign bills into law These powers give governors leverage in the legislative process. To Learning Objectives

30. Copyright © 2311 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman An announcement by the governor that a bill must be heard early in the legislative session is called a(n) A.emergency declaration. B.special session. C.backscratching. D.log-rolling. E.a line item veto. LO 23.4 To Learning Objectives

31. Copyright © 2311 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman An announcement by the governor that a bill must be heard early in the legislative session is called a(n) A.emergency declaration. B.special session. C.backscratching. D.log-rolling. E.a line item veto. LO 23.4 To Learning Objectives

32. Copyright © 2311 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Toward Reform: The Public and the Legislature LO 23.8: Evaluate proposals to reform the legislature. LO 23.8: Evaluate proposals to reform the legislature. Campaign finance reforms Voting procedure reforms –Constitutional amendment of 2007 requiring record vote ‒ Ghost voting reforms To Learning Objectives

33. Copyright © 2311 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman What type of reform would prevent legislators from casting votes for other legislators using their voting machines? A.Campaign finance reform B.Record voting reform C.Ghost voting reform D.Creation of an ethics committee E.All of the above. LO 23.4 To Learning Objectives

34. Copyright © 2311 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman What type of reform would prevent legislators from casting votes for other legislators using their voting machines? A.Campaign finance reform B.Record voting reform C.Ghost voting reform D.Creation of an ethics committee E.All of the above. LO 23.4 To Learning Objectives

35. Copyright © 2311 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Table 23.1: Which constitutional requirements limit who can run for office? Back To Learning Objectives

36. Copyright © 2311 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Table 23.2: How does the Texas legislature compare to those of other states? Back To Learning Objectives

37. Copyright © 2311 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Figure 23.1: How has the membership of the Texas House of Representatives changed over time? Back To Learning Objectives

38. Copyright © 2311 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Figure 23.2: How has the membership of the Texas Senate changed over time? Back To Learning Objectives

39. Copyright © 2311 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Table 23.3: What are the types of committees in the Texas legislature? Back To Learning Objectives

40. Copyright © 2311 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Figure 23.3: What are the basic steps in the Texas legislative process? Back To Learning Objectives