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Lumberton High Sci Vis II V205.05
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Deoxyribonucleic acid Large molecule called a polymer Polymer means molecule with many units Units or monomers of DNA are nucleotides
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Made of 5-carbon sugar called deoxyribose Deoxyribose contain a phosphate group and one of four nitrogen bases 4 nitrogen bases A for adenine G for guanine C for cytosine T for thymine
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Adenine and guanine The larger of the 2 types of bases Have a double ring structure Adenine Guanine
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Cytosine and Thymine Have a single ring structure Cytosine Thymine
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3 oxygen and 5 carbon atoms which make up the DNA “backbone” The hydroxyl groups’ carbons link to phosphates to form this “backbone” dAMP: Deoxyadenosine monophosphate, a nucleotide containing adenine, a 2'-deoxyribose sugar and phosphate, part of DNA structure. dCMP: Deoxycytosine monophosphate, a nucleotide containing cytidine, a 2'-deoxy sugar, and phosphate, part of DNA structure.
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DNA is composed of twisting strands of nucleotides Each strand is a helix or spiral staircase 2 strands are bound together to create a double helix Double helix
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A & T always join together and form 2 hydrogen bonds C & G always join together and form 3 hydrogen bonds Think A & T and UNCG to remember these.
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Method of identification that compares fragments of DNA DNA is the genetic material found in the cell nucleus DNA of each individual is unique, with identical twins being the only exception
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A “fingerprint” is constructed by Obtaining a DNA sample from body tissue or fluid Cutting this sample into pieces using enzymes Arranging these pieces using gel electrophoresis
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Refers to the forced movement of molecules by electricity Separates macromolecules (large molecules) on the basis of size, electric charge, and other physical properties. The gel is like Jell-o. Electrophoresis describes the moving of the charged DNA Electro: energy of electricity Phoros: to carry across
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Holes created in gel to hold DNA solution DNA solutions loaded into holes Gel is “excited” by electricity and small molecules move through the gel Photograph is taken to save the results of the fingerprint 2 matching fingerprints indicate they are probably from identical sources
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Discovery of genetic causes of diseases Mapping the human genome (2003) Forensic science Paternity testing
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Adenine and guanine - http://www.chemsoc.org/ networks/learnnet/cfb/nu cleicacids.htm http://www.chemsoc.org/ networks/learnnet/cfb/nu cleicacids.htm Thymine and cytosine - http://www.chemsoc.org/ networks/learnnet/cfb/nu cleicacids.htm http://www.chemsoc.org/ networks/learnnet/cfb/nu cleicacids.htm dAMP & dCMP - http://www.cancerwatch. org/glossary/glossary_7.cf m http://www.cancerwatch. org/glossary/glossary_7.cf m
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Double helix - http://alum.mit.edu/ne/o pendoor/200507/images/ double-helix.jpg http://alum.mit.edu/ne/o pendoor/200507/images/ double-helix.jpg A&T logo – www.ncat.eduwww.ncat.edu UNCG logo – www.uncg.edu www.uncg.edu
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