1. KRNET’98 Overview of Advanced Protocols and Services for High Performance Networks Dae Young Kim Chungnam Nat’l Univ. ( http://ccl.chungnam.ac.kr/~dykim)

2. CCL KRNET’982 Contents Advanced applications Multicast –PIM –BGMP RM –MTP/SO –SRM QoS –IntServ –RSVP –DiffServ IPv6 in vBNS MPLS References

3. KRNET’98 Advanced Applications

4. CCL KRNET’984 Advanced Applications Tele-medicine VoD Virtual reality(2-D & 3-D) Tele-education Tele-conference Traffic information Resource explorer

5. CCL KRNET’985 Advanced Applications (Cont’d) Tele-medicine – by Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL)

6. CCL KRNET’986 Advanced Applications (Cont’d) Virtual Reality –by NIST

7. CCL KRNET’987 Advanced Applications (Cont’d) Traffic Information –by Connect and Microsoft team

8. KRNET’98 Multicast

9. CCL KRNET’989 PIM - overview Protocol Independent Multicasting Independent of any particular unicast routing protocol –So, it can use whatever native unicast routing protocol. –Therefore, it has to maintain additional state information. Actually two protocols : dense-mode, sparse-mode –Dense Mode or Sparse Mode does not imply the group size.

10. CCL KRNET’9810 PIM - DM Uses RPM (Reverse Path Multicast) like DVMRP : flood & prune PIM-DM routers are capable of caching the Prune message. No periodic joins & no RP (Rendezvous Point)

11. CCL KRNET’9811 PIM - SM Uses explicit & periodic Join/Prune message DR sends periodic Join/Prune messages to a group-specific RP(Rendezvous Point). Obtaining RP information –All routers within a PIM domain : collect Bootstrap message. –Routers use a set of available RPs : distributed in Bootstrap message.

12. CCL KRNET’9812 PIM-SM (cont’d) PIM-SM routers can switch from shared tree to shortest path tree. –when data packets received > threshold

13. CCL KRNET’9813 BGMP (Border Gateway Multicast Protocol) Builds shared trees for active multicast groups BGMP uses TCP. BGMP messages –Join/Prune Updates message –KeepAlive message –Notification message

14. CCL KRNET’9814 BGMP (Cont’d)

15. KRNET’98 Reliable Multicast(RM)

16. CCL KRNET’9816 MTP/SO (MTP/Self Organization) Characteristics –receiver-initiated error recovery –nak-based multicast –multicast retransmission in a local group Coordinator –assigning tokens & updating the message state Repeater –retransmit the NAKed packet SO (Self Organization) –to solve the scaling problem –choose the best member as a local repeater (Repeater Announcement mechanism)

17. CCL KRNET’9817 MTP/SO (Cont’d)

18. CCL KRNET’9818 SRM (Scalable Reliable Multicast) All traffic is multicast. Uses ALF(Application Level Framing) concept. Receivers multicast a ‘repair request’ to ask for missing data. Anyone can reply, not just original sender. To avoid NAK implosion, ‘slotting & damping’ is used. Topology-driven repair chronology –chain topology by distance next figure –star topology randomization –tree topology deterministic + probabilistic

19. CCL KRNET’9819 SRM (Cont’d)

20. KRNET’98 QoS (Quality of Service)

21. CCL KRNET’9821 Int-Serv Guaranteed Service –loss-intolerant and hard real-time service –guarantee maximum delay with no queuing loss Controlled-Load Service –delay-adaptive service –best-effort service under unloaded condition –no specific delay & loss guarantee Requirements for bounded delay –Token Bucket filter token rate r, bucket depth B –WFQ (Weighted Fair Queuing) each flow gets its own individual queue with a share of the link

22. CCL KRNET’9822 Int-Serv (Cont’d) Token bucket & WFQ(Weighted Fair Queuing)

23. CCL KRNET’9823 RSVP(Resource Reservation Protocol) Characteristics –adapts dynamically to changing group membership as well as to changing routes –not a routing protocol but depends on routing protocols –simplex ; for unidirectional data flows –receiver-oriented –soft state –reservation styles (wildcard-, shared-, fixed- filter) Problems –scalability –Can RSVP provide real resource reservation?

24. CCL KRNET’9824 RSVP (Cont’d) Mechanism

25. CCL KRNET’9825 DiffServ Differentiated services to users at times traffics are aggregated Elements of the DiffServ architecture –PHBs (Per Hop Behavior) –classifiers –markers –policy

26. CCL KRNET’9826 Router operation in DiffServ Network

27. CCL KRNET’9827 Differential Service Byte DS (Differential Service) byte definition –PHB : Per Hop Behavior –CU : currently unused IPv4 header IPv6 header DS byte

28. CCL KRNET’9828 DiffServ (demonstration) between Lawrence Berkeley & Argonne Nat’l lab sending two video streams over the Internet –the priority marked stream : 8frames / sec –the standard stream : 1 frame /sec

29. KRNET’98 IPv6 in vBNS

30. CCL KRNET’9830 IPv6 Deployment Plans in vBNS Implement native (not tunneled) IPv6-over-ATM on the vBNS backbone. Deploy dedicated hardware(Cisco 4700s with DS-3/ATM) for IPv6 routing. Construct a full mesh of PVCs among the IPv6 routers. Connect to the 6bone in multiple locations via tunnels.

31. CCL KRNET’9831 vBNS IPv6 Router Deployment

32. KRNET’98 MPLS

33. CCL KRNET’9833 MPLS (Multi-protocol Label Switching) As line speed & traffic volume increase –the forwarding function can become a bottleneck Label Edge Router (LER) –inserts/extract a label in the packet –forwards the packet on a label switching/non-MPLS interface Label Switching Router (LSR) –looks at the label of the packet –swaps the label to the correct outgoing link

34. CCL KRNET’9834 MPLS (Cont’d) Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) ; the set of procedures & messages to inform of the mappings between labels & streams –Discovery Class Messages to announce the presence of a LSR in the network –Adjacency Class Messages to establish, maintain & close down adjacencies –Advertisement Class Messages to deal with advertisements of new, changes & removal

35. CCL KRNET’9835 MPLS (Cont’d) Label/tag switching –referred to as Layer 2.5

36. CCL KRNET’9836 MPLS (Cont’d)

37. CCL KRNET’9837 References Quality of Serivce, paul Ferguson, Wiley, 1998 http://www.isi.edu/div7/rsvp/pub.html http://ccl.chungnam.ac.kr/~yhkim/rsvp RFC 2205 (RSVP, 1997) http://diffserv.lcs.mit.edu/ A two-bit differeitiated services architecture for the Internet, “draft-nichols-diff-svc-arch-00.txt”, Nov, 97. Definition of the Differentiated Services Field in the IPv4 & IPv6 headers, “draft-ietf-diffserv- header-00.txt”, May, 98. The future of IP backbone technology, ERICSSON. MPLS solutions for high capacity IP networks, ERICSSON. Self-Organizing Multicast, “draft-bormann-som-00-pre-0.txt”, Sep, 96. SOM, http://user.cs.tu-berlin.de/~nilss/som/som.html Sally Floyd, “A Reliable Multicast Framework for Light-weight Sessions and Application Level Framing”, Nov, 96. http://www-nrg.ee.lbl.gov/floyd/srm.html

38. CCL KRNET’9838 References (Cont’d) RFC 1458 RFC 1700 RFC 1819 ftp://ftp.nuri.net/pub/documents/internet-drafts/draft-lim-ip-reliable-multicast-00.txt ftp://ftp.nuri.net/pub/documents/internet-drafts/draft-kim-jtc1-sc6-ects-02.txt http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/ngtrans-charter.html ftp://playground.sun.com/pub/ngtrans/mail.current MPLS architecture, draft-ietf-mpls-arch-01.txt, Sep, 98. PIMv2-DM spec, “draft-idmr-pim-sm-specv2-00.txt”, May 21, 98 PIM-SM:protocol specification, “draft-idmr-pim-dm-spec-05.txt”, Sep 9, 97. Dave Kosiur, ‘IP Multicasting’, John Wiley & sons, Inc. BGMP, “draft-ietf-idmr-gum-02.txt”, Mar 12, 98. Dave Kosiur, ‘IP Multicasting’, John Wiley & sons, Inc. http://george.lbl.gov/BAGNet.html http://www.ngi.gov/ http://www.canarie.ca/ http://www.internet2.edu/