1. Effects of the Civil War An Organizational Revolution  Modern bureaucratic state emerges (lessons of army organization…follow orders…impersonal gov’t)  Individualism gives way to organized, cooperative activity (lessons of total war)  Catalyst for transformation of American society in the late nineteenth century

2. Overall Outcomes of the War  618,000 troops dead  Bereaved women seek non-domestic roles  Four million African Americans free, not equal  Industrial workers face wartime inflation

3. Casualties of War

4. Political  Federal Supremacy over States’ Rights One nation, indivisible – No more threats of secession One nation, indivisible – No more threats of secession Power of national government continues to increase Power of national government continues to increase Power of the President as Commander in Chief increases significantly Power of the President as Commander in Chief increases significantly

5. Economic  North Prosperity, industry boomed Prosperity, industry boomed  West Agricultural products in demand Agricultural products in demand The Homestead Act (1862) – 160 acres free if settled for 5 years The Homestead Act (1862) – 160 acres free if settled for 5 years  South Devastated – most of the war was fought in the South Devastated – most of the war was fought in the South Loss of slave labor Loss of slave labor

6. Social  Heavy casualties – 620,000 total Individual/Family loss…grief…hardships Individual/Family loss…grief…hardships  Bitterness toward their former “enemy” Sherman’s March to the Sea! Sherman’s March to the Sea!  Issues of civil rights and civil liberties remain Citizenship for former slaves? Equality? Citizenship for former slaves? Equality?

7. Where to go from here? Reconstruction Period 1865-1877