1. ABNORMAL LEUKOCYTES AND ERYTHROCYTES
HEMATOLOGY
ABNORMAL LEUKOCYTES AND ERYTHROCYTES

2. ROULEAUX
ROULEAUX ARE ERYTHROCYTES ARRANGED IN ROW LIKE STACK OF COINS . ROULEAUX ARE ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED CONCENTRATIONS OF GLOBULINS AND PARAPROTEINS.
DISEASE CORRELATION: MULTIPLE MYLOMA

3. ACANTHOCYTE
ACANTHOCYTES ARE ERYTHROCYTES WITH IRREGULARLY SPACED PROJECTIONS THAT VERY IN WIDTH, LENGTH, AND NUMBER DUE TO LIPID IMBALANCE.
ASSOCIATED WITH ABETALIPOPROTEINEMIA, SEVERE LIVER DISEASE, SPLENECTOMY, MALABSORPTION, HYPOTHYROIDISM, VITAMIN E DEFICIENCY.

4. ECHINOCYTE
CRENATED ERYTHROCYTE WITH SHORT, EVENLY SPACED PROJECTIONS FORMED DURING CELLULAR DEHYDRATION MAY BE REVESIBLE.
ASSOCIATED WITH UREMIA, PYRUVATE KINASE DEFICIENCY, MICROANGIOPATHIC HEMOLITIC ANEMIA.

5. HYPOCHROMIA
IT IS CONSIDERED HYPOCHROMIA WHEN THE CENTRAL PALLOR ZONE OF THE ERYTHROCYTE IS GREATER THAN ONE THIRD OF THE DIAMETER OF THE CELL.
ASSOCIATED WITH IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA, THALASSEMIAS, SIDEROBLASTIC ANEMIA, LEAD POISONING, AND SOME CASES OF CHRONIC DISEASE.

6. ELLIPTOCYTE
ELLIPTOCYTES ARE CIGAR-SHAPED ERYTHROCYTE DUE TO MEMBRANE DISORDER.
ASSOCIATED WITH HERIDITARY ELLIPTOCYTOSIS , THALASSEMIA MAJOR, IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA, MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIAS, AND MYELOPHTHISIC ANEMIAS.

7. MYELOBLAST
LEAST DIFFERENTIATED BONE MARROW PRECURSOR OF THE GRANULOCYTIC SERIES.
SIZE OF um WITH A ROUND TO OVAL NUCLEUS AND VISIBLES NUCLEOLI, FINE CHROMATIN AND MODERATE BASOPHILIC CYTOPLASM.
MYELOBLAST CORRELATED WITH ACUTE LEUKEMIA.

8. MYELOCYTE
THIRD STAGE OF BONE MARROW GRANULOCYTE SERIES DIFFERENTIATION
SIZE um WITH A ROUND TO OVAL NUCLEUS MAY HAVE A FLATTENED SIDE.
IN THIS STAGE DIFFERENTIATION OF CYTOPLASMIC GRANULES MAY BECOME BASOPHILIC, EOSINOPHILIC, OR NEUTROPHILIC.
THE PRESENCE OF ANY PRECURSOR IN THE PERIPHERAL BLOOD SIGNALS ACUTE LEUKEMIA.

9. BAND
IMMEDIATED PRECURSOR OF THE MATURE SEGMENTED NEUTROPHIL. BAND ARE PRESENT IN THE BONE MARROW AND PERIPHERAL BLOOD THE PROBLEM IS WHEN AN EXCESSIVE BANDS MORE THAN 10 % SHOWS IN THE BLOOD STREAM CAN BE THE SIGN OF HYPERPROLIFERATIVE BONE MARROW.

10. HYPERSEGMENTED NEUTROPHIL
NEUTROPHIL WITH FIVE ,SIX OR MORE SEGMENTS; OFTEN ASSOCIATED WITH MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA.

11. GIANT PLATELET
IT IS CONSIDERED A GIANT PLATELET WHEN IS GREATER THAN AN RBC
ASSOCIATED WITH BERNARD-SOULIER SYNDROME THIS IS AN ADHESION DISORDER.