1. Creating Medical Prototypes from MRI data Jillian Urban Mentor: John T. Tester, Ph.D. Mechanical Engineering

2. Overview Project introduction Materials Methods Results Discussion Conclusion 2

3. Project Definition Reproduce medical prototyping process with the use of basic software tools typically used in an undergraduate mechanical engineering program 3 Matlab Solidworks Catalyst

4. Materials Image files from MRI  Sequenced image files of human anatomy  MRI compiled in AVI format Dimension SST 768 Prototyping machine  ABS plastic (and support material) 4

5. Why incorporate the two? MRI compiled to AVI  original MRI format is proprietary  AVI universal format  portable for medical personnel Create solid model of anatomy 5

6. Pixel-finding Method 6

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10. Canny Edge-detection Method 10

11. Canny Edge-detection Method 11

12. Point cloud to STL Arrange pixels in x-, y-, and z- coordinates Stack the images for 3D Point cloud to mesh using Scanto3D STL file created for Rapid Prototyping 12

13. Results Meshed skull outer surface 13

14. Results Meshed jaw with outer and inner surface 14

15. Discussion Pixel Detection Advantages  Outer layer  Small features Disadvantages  Not sufficient for production of inner and outer layers combined  I.E., SHELLS Canny Advantages  Noise reduction  Production of shell structures in CAD  Accurate cavity bone location Disadvantages  More smoothing for precise meshing 15

16. Discussion Scanto3D Advantages  Mesh creation from point cloud  STL creation Disadvantages  Inaccurate meshing of interior complex bone cavities  Less control of surface creation 16

17. Conclusion Three-step method of processing AVI files Most complex bone structure: the skull Lessons learned  Scanto3D meshing sufficient for external surface meshing of a solid form  Small medical practices can produce solid models of simple bone structures using conventional computer engineering tools  Need more work for complex bone shell-type structures 17

18. Questions Special thanks to NAU NASA Space Grant Internship Program, Flagstaff Medical Center, and Dr. John Tester 18