1. The Basler building The Basler building is situated in the city centre of Basel. This 10 storey, naturally- ventilated building, was built in 1951. The building is used as the administration building of a big insurance company. The design can be described as a low budget typical office building. The Basler building is situated in the city centre of Basel. This 10 storey, naturally- ventilated building, was built in 1951. The building is used as the administration building of a big insurance company. The design can be described as a low budget typical office building. Presentation of the building Presentation of the building The design issue The design issue The building concept The building concept The winter monitoring The winter monitoring The summer monitoring The summer monitoring Major findings Major findings The Basler building The Basler building More information... More information... Back to “Select a building” Back to “Select a building” NatVent 660m² 220 people

2. NatVent Presentation of the building Presentation of the building The design issue The design issue The building concept The building concept The winter monitoring The winter monitoring The summer monitoring The summer monitoring Major findings Major findings The Basler building The Basler building More information... More information... Back to “Select a building” Back to “Select a building” Project presentation (1...) Since two main roads are near the building this area is characterised by a lot of noise and pollution which is a problem.

3. NatVent Presentation of the building Presentation of the building The design issue The design issue The building concept The building concept The winter monitoring The winter monitoring The summer monitoring The summer monitoring Major findings Major findings The Basler building The Basler building More information... More information... Back to “Select a building” Back to “Select a building” Part under investigation Project presentation (2...) At the north east side the building is connected with a mechanically ventilated building with a glass corridor on each floor. Mechanically ventilated building Naturally ventilated building External screens

4. NatVent Presentation of the building Presentation of the building The design issue The design issue The building concept The building concept The winter monitoring The winter monitoring The summer monitoring The summer monitoring Major findings Major findings The Basler building The Basler building More information... More information... Back to “Select a building” Back to “Select a building” Project presentation (3...) The building has a glass/metal façade and massive concrete floors The air tightness is very low; which is typical for a building of this age. The thermal insulation level of the building is low. The glass/metal façade is made of a glass with a high U-Value (2.5 - 3.5 W/m2.K ) and metal construction with insulated panels (U-value: 0.378 (SE and NW façade) and 0.827 W/m2.K (NE and SW façade)). The offices have exposed ceilings, floors with carpet and light internal walls. The total thermal mass can be considered as medium. Shading devices: All windows have external manually controlled screens

5. NatVent Presentation of the building Presentation of the building The design issue The design issue The building concept The building concept The winter monitoring The winter monitoring The summer monitoring The summer monitoring Major findings Major findings The Basler building The Basler building More information... More information... Back to “Select a building” Back to “Select a building” Project presentation (4|) The building has a quite closed structure with many cellular offices along a central corridor which runs the length of the building. The offices are for 2 to 4 people. 6 th floor N Glass corridor to mechanically ventilated building NE façade SW façade

6. NatVent Presentation of the building Presentation of the building The design issue The design issue The building concept The building concept The winter monitoring The winter monitoring The summer monitoring The summer monitoring Major findings Major findings The Basler building The Basler building More information... More information... Back to “Select a building” Back to “Select a building” The design issue The aim is to reduce energy consumption by educating the users. The occupants are directly responsible for their own working environment: by using their external shading devices against solar radiation and by opening their windows for ventilation and cooling. The ventilation is based on a natural window ventilation only. The position of opened windows is chosen by the users deciding between the positions shown below. Fully opened window Tilted window

7. NatVent Presentation of the building Presentation of the building The design issue The design issue The building concept The building concept The winter monitoring The winter monitoring The summer monitoring The summer monitoring Major findings Major findings The Basler building The Basler building More information... More information... Back to “Select a building” Back to “Select a building” The building concept (1...) for thermal summer comfort A simple strategy of: intensive day ventilation and shading devices is applied to improve thermal comfort in summer without the need for a control system. The strategy is based on the position of the sun (different strategy for forenoon and afternoon) relies on the user (completely manual control) There is no night ventilation: for reasons of security (insurance company!) all windows must be closed at night. Explication of strategy: see next slides...

8. NatVent Presentation of the building Presentation of the building The design issue The design issue The building concept The building concept The winter monitoring The winter monitoring The summer monitoring The summer monitoring Major findings Major findings The Basler building The Basler building More information... More information... Back to “Select a building” Back to “Select a building” South-West façade Morning Open Closed Doors Windows Shading devices Offices Corridor North-East façade The building concept (2...) for thermal summer comfort

9. NatVent Presentation of the building Presentation of the building The design issue The design issue The building concept The building concept The winter monitoring The winter monitoring The summer monitoring The summer monitoring Major findings Major findings The Basler building The Basler building More information... More information... Back to “Select a building” Back to “Select a building” South-West façade Afternoon Open Closed Doors Windows Shading devices Offices Corridor North-East façade The building concept (3...) for thermal summer comfort

10. NatVent Presentation of the building Presentation of the building The design issue The design issue The building concept The building concept The winter monitoring The winter monitoring The summer monitoring The summer monitoring Major findings Major findings The Basler building The Basler building More information... More information... Back to “Select a building” Back to “Select a building” The building concept (4|) for good indoor air quality Occupants can control the IAQ by opening the windows during office hours. This strategy aims to achieve a high level of user satisfaction because of the opportunities for independent manual control.

11. NatVent Presentation of the building Presentation of the building The design issue The design issue The building concept The building concept The winter monitoring The winter monitoring The summer monitoring The summer monitoring Major findings Major findings The Basler building The Basler building More information... More information... Back to “Select a building” Back to “Select a building” Slide with monitoring setup Continuous measurements of Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ), Ventilation Rate, Temperature Humidity, Indoor air velocity (in the offices) were made over one week periods during February 1998 and August 1997, in one cellular office on the sixth floor on the north-east façade (fully monitored) one cellular office on the sixth floor on the north-east façade (only temperature) two cellular offices on the sixth floor on the south-west façade (fully monitored) one cellular office on the first floor on the north-east façade (only temperature) A cellular office on the sixth floor was selected as being representative for winter and for summer. The monitoring results of these offices are shown in the following charts. Continuous measurements of Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ), Ventilation Rate, Temperature Humidity, Indoor air velocity (in the offices) were made over one week periods during February 1998 and August 1997, in one cellular office on the sixth floor on the north-east façade (fully monitored) one cellular office on the sixth floor on the north-east façade (only temperature) two cellular offices on the sixth floor on the south-west façade (fully monitored) one cellular office on the first floor on the north-east façade (only temperature) A cellular office on the sixth floor was selected as being representative for winter and for summer. The monitoring results of these offices are shown in the following charts.

12. NatVent Presentation of the building Presentation of the building The design issue The design issue The building concept The building concept The winter monitoring The winter monitoring The summer monitoring The summer monitoring Major findings Major findings The Basler building The Basler building More information... More information... Back to “Select a building” Back to “Select a building” Winter monitoring (1...) typical winter day - monitoring results Comfortable indoor air temperature Small air change rate due to infiltration through gaps and cracks (low building air tightness)

13. NatVent Presentation of the building Presentation of the building The design issue The design issue The building concept The building concept The winter monitoring The winter monitoring The summer monitoring The summer monitoring Major findings Major findings The Basler building The Basler building More information... More information... Back to “Select a building” Back to “Select a building” Winter monitoring (2...) typical winter day - monitoring results A good IAQ is achieved (due to infiltration through gaps and cracks). The CO 2 concentrations during the office hours are low (far below 1200 ppm)

14. NatVent Presentation of the building Presentation of the building The design issue The design issue The building concept The building concept The winter monitoring The winter monitoring The summer monitoring The summer monitoring Major findings Major findings The Basler building The Basler building More information... More information... Back to “Select a building” Back to “Select a building” Results of winter monitoring: The internal temperatures are comfortable The Indoor Air Quality is acceptable, however…. The good IAQ is the result of a constant background infiltration through gaps and cracks. (The air tightness of the building is low !). This situation can’t be considered as a good strategy as a low air tightness has several disadvantages: uncontrollable infiltration losses, potential draught problems, inferior performances of natural or mechanical ventilation system … An air tight building is the basis of a well-controlled ventilation system: build tight, ventilate right ! Winter monitoring (3|) typical winter day - monitoring results

15. NatVent Presentation of the building Presentation of the building The design issue The design issue The building concept The building concept The winter monitoring The winter monitoring The summer monitoring The summer monitoring Major findings Major findings The Basler building The Basler building More information... More information... Back to “Select a building” Back to “Select a building” Summer monitoring (1...) typical summer day - monitoring results Indoor temperatures are too high: (more comment see next slide…) Intensive day ventilation (>10 ACH) No night ventilation Tint < Text  Intensive day ventilation = Heat gain

16. NatVent Presentation of the building Presentation of the building The design issue The design issue The building concept The building concept The winter monitoring The winter monitoring The summer monitoring The summer monitoring Major findings Major findings The Basler building The Basler building More information... More information... Back to “Select a building” Back to “Select a building” During warm periods the internal temperatures are too high. This problem could be reduced by: Applying intensive night ventilation: The cooling effect of intensive night ventilation is much larger than the cooling effect of intensive day ventilation due to the higher temperature difference. Moreover, intensive day ventilation should be avoided if Tint < Text (see circles on previous slide !) Automatically controlled external screens instead of manually controlled external screens. When the shading devices are controlled manually, they are often closed too late (or not at all when the occupant is absent). Summer monitoring (2...) typical summer day - monitoring results

17. NatVent Presentation of the building Presentation of the building The design issue The design issue The building concept The building concept The winter monitoring The winter monitoring The summer monitoring The summer monitoring Major findings Major findings The Basler building The Basler building More information... More information... Back to “Select a building” Back to “Select a building” NatVent Summer monitoring (3|) typical summer day - monitoring results A good IAQ is achieved (due to intensive day ventilation). The CO 2 concentrations during the office hours are low (far below 1200 ppm)

18. NatVent Presentation of the building Presentation of the building The design issue The design issue The building concept The building concept The winter monitoring The winter monitoring The summer monitoring The summer monitoring Major findings Major findings The Basler building The Basler building More information... More information... Back to “Select a building” Back to “Select a building” Major Findings Night Cooling: It is very important to cool the building during the night, in order to avoid high indoor temperatures during the day as these can result in thermal comfort problems. Security Issues and Night Cooling: At the moment night cooling is not applied for reasons of security. Some automatically opened windows installed in the right places (or in combination with burglar-proof grilles) could satisfy the security and night ventilation requirement. Night Cooling concept: A simple concept of cross ventilation could be applied whenever the internal doors can be left open at night. If the internal doors have to be closed, single sided ventilation can be applied. However in this case the effect of the night ventilation will be smaller.

19. NatVent Presentation of the building Presentation of the building The design issue The design issue The building concept The building concept The winter monitoring The winter monitoring The summer monitoring The summer monitoring Major findings Major findings The Basler building The Basler building More information... More information... Back to “Select a building” Back to “Select a building” Major Findings When the openings in the façades are too small (due to security reasons) for completely natural ventilation, a fan-assisted system can provide a solution. Fans on the roof could ventilate the whole building through the two vertical staircases. Shading Devices: The use of the shading devices has to be studied in detail to avoid overheating in summer. Automatic shading devices could be applied as a background control in summertime. Noise and Pollution Because of the building location, noise and pollution are a considerable inconvenience to the building occupants. This is a particular problem for users on the lowest floor. When the openings in the façades are too small (due to security reasons) for completely natural ventilation, a fan-assisted system can provide a solution. Fans on the roof could ventilate the whole building through the two vertical staircases. Shading Devices: The use of the shading devices has to be studied in detail to avoid overheating in summer. Automatic shading devices could be applied as a background control in summertime. Noise and Pollution Because of the building location, noise and pollution are a considerable inconvenience to the building occupants. This is a particular problem for users on the lowest floor.

20. More information... NatVent Presentation of the building Presentation of the building The design issue The design issue The building concept The building concept The winter monitoring The winter monitoring The summer monitoring The summer monitoring Major findings Major findings The VELUX building The VELUX building More information... More information... Back to “Select a building” Back to “Select a building” Find more information on the PROBE building in the following documents: \Reports \Monitoring Reports \Summary Reports\ch3summ.pdf global presentation of the buildings (  4p./building) contents: building description - ventilation strategy and technology - winter and summer monitoring results - conclusions \Reports \Monitoring Reports \Detailed Reports\ch3det.pdf detailed reports of all 19 monitoring campaigns (  20p./campaign) contents: monitoring set up - analysis of results - conclusions Find more information on the PROBE building in the following documents: \Reports \Monitoring Reports \Summary Reports\ch3summ.pdf global presentation of the buildings (  4p./building) contents: building description - ventilation strategy and technology - winter and summer monitoring results - conclusions \Reports \Monitoring Reports \Detailed Reports\ch3det.pdf detailed reports of all 19 monitoring campaigns (  20p./campaign) contents: monitoring set up - analysis of results - conclusions You can read and print pdf-files with the Acrobat® Reader ®3.0. Program. This program is free. Download it from the Acrobat web site: www.adobe.com OR run the installation file ar32e301(1).exe in the directory \Installation You can read and print pdf-files with the Acrobat® Reader ®3.0. Program. This program is free. Download it from the Acrobat web site: www.adobe.com OR run the installation file ar32e301(1).exe in the directory \Installation