1. Crimean War & Italian Unification

2. I. Development In the Major Nation States 1. Italy 2. Germany 3. A-H (Habsburg Empire) 4. France 5. Gr. Brit 6. Russia

3. II. Crimean War (1853-1856) 1.Significance: a) b) 2. Combatants: Russia vs.

4. III. Reasons for the War 1. Holy Christian Shrines in Holy Land 2. 3. 4.

5. IV. Course of the War 1. O.E. declares war on 2.Fr & G.B. declare war on WHY? a) b) 3. Nap III hoped

6. 4. Sevestopol fell to 5.“Firsts” in this “modern” war that affected the course of future warfare: a) exploding shells in a naval engagement b) Russia annihilates ____________and threatens _____________. c) First war fought with d) First war to use:

7. V. Results of the War 1.Treaty of Paris (1856) a) b) c) 2.Concert of Europe = shattered a) b) c)

8. 3.Russia after the war? 4.O.E. after the war? a) Reform happened:

9. VI. Unification of Italy Brain = Soul = Sword = 1.Groups wanting to unify Italy a) Romantic Republicans (radicals) b) Liberals (moderates) c) Conservatives

10. 2.Cavour (the ?) a moderate liberal a) Prime Minister of Piedmont b) Piedmont c) King Victor Emmanuel II 3.Cavour believed a) b) needed aid from

11. VII. Route to Unification = secret diplomacy and force of arms 1.Got rid of ___________. How? 2.Cavour sent 3.Nap III saw Piedmont as 4.Plombieres = secrate 5.Plan = provoke war with Austria. How? 6.

12. 7.Nap III panics when revolutions break out in other parts of Italy 8.These new revolutionary regimes wanted 9.This worried Nap III so he 10.Cavour felt ___________, but Austria was

13. 11. Cavour pursued complete 12. He dies in 1861 , and the new state needed his skills b/c 13. Problems? 14. Unification INCOMPLETE