1. IDENTIFY as Convection, Conduction, Radiation 1 2 3

2. Today Review Science Fair Proposals Go over what’s due this Friday for Science Fair Review Convection – Video, Hadley Cell Reading – What creates Wind? Review Conduction – Diagram in notes Review Radiation – Solar Energy Diagram In notes.

3. Section 2 Objectives Describe what happens to solar energy that reaches Earth. Summarize the processes of radiation, conduction, and convection. Explain the relationship between the greenhouse effect and global warming. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. End of Slide

4. Atmospheric Heating Section 2 Energy in the Atmosphere Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Radiation: Energy Transfer by Waves The Earth receives energy from the sun by radiation. Radiation is the transfer of energy as electromagnetic waves. Conduction: Energy Transfer by Contact Thermal conduction is the transfer of thermal energy through a material. Convection: Energy Transfer by Circulation Convection is the transfer of thermal energy by the circulation or movement of a liquid or gas. End of Slide

7. Scattering, Absorption, and Reflection Section 2 Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

8. Radiation, Conduction, and Convection Section 2 Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

9. Atmospheric Heating Section 2 Energy in the Atmosphere continued Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. The Greenhouse Effect and Life on Earth The greenhouse effect, shown on the next slide, is the process by which gases in the atmosphere absorb thermal energy and radiate it back to Earth. The Radiation Balance: Energy In, Energy Out The amount of energy Earth receives and the amount of energy returned to space must be approximately equal. Greenhouse Gases and Global Warming Some scientists think that an increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere may be the cause of global warming. End of Slide

10. The Greenhouse Effect Section 2 Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

11. Global Winds and Local Winds Section 3 Why Air Moves Air Rises at the Equator and Sinks at the Poles As the cold air sinks, it creates areas of high pressure around the poles. This cold polar air then flows toward the equator. Pressure Belts Are Found Every 30º Convection cells are separated by pressure belts, bands of high and low pressure. Pressure belts are shown on the next slide. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. End of Slide

14. Pressure Belts Section 3 Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

15. Global Winds and Local Winds Section 3 Why Air Moves, continued The Coriolis Effect The apparent curving of the path of currents due to the Earth’s rotation is called the Coriolis effect. This effect is shown on the next slide. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. End of Slide

16. The Coriolis Effect Section 3 Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

17. Global Winds and Local Winds Section 3 Global Winds Polar Easterlies The wind belts that extend from the poles to 60° latitude in both hemispheres are called the polar easterlies. Westerlies The wind belts found between 30° and 60° latitude in both hemispheres are called the westerlies. Trade Winds In both hemispheres, the winds that blow from 30° latitude almost to the equator are called trade winds. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. End of Slide

18. Global Winds and Local Winds Section 3 Global Winds continued The Doldrums The trade winds of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres meet in an area around the equator called the doldrums. The Horse Latitudes At about 30° north and 30° south latitude, sinking air creates an area of high pressure. These areas are called the horse latitudes. Jet Streams: Atmospheric Conveyor Belts The jet streams are narrow belts of high-speed winds that blow in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. End of Slide

19. Global Winds Section 3 Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

20. Global Winds and Local Winds Section 3 Local Winds Unpredictable Winds Local winds generally move short distances and can blow from any direction. Sea and Land Breezes The next slide illustrates how sea and land breezes are affected by temperature. Mountain Breezes and Valley Breezes Mountain and valley breezes are other examples of local winds caused by an area’s geography. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. End of Slide

21. Sea and Land Breezes Section 3 Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

22. Warm- up Write 2 questions about things we have learned so far in the year that you are still confused about.

23. Sept. 26 & 27, 2013 Work on Projects

24. Today Project assignments Project discussion time REMINDERS: SCIENCE FAIR STEP 2 DUE FRIDAY!!