1. Secondary Teacher Education in Chile An assessment in the light of demands of the knowledge society

2. Inclusion / Exclusion Ideas Information – communication Globalisation - Environment Collective intelligence

3. Secondary Teacher Education in Chile: its history Historically: a university-based career Historically: a university-based career Limited growth during the first half of the 20 th century Limited growth during the first half of the 20 th century Oscillating policies during the Military Regime (1973-1990) affect quality Oscillating policies during the Military Regime (1973-1990) affect quality Renewal programmes (1997-2002) Renewal programmes (1997-2002)

4. Trajectories (Semesters) Non-graduate secondary teacher training with specialisation: Professional Institute (concurrent) IIIIIIIVVVIVIIVIIIIX Graduate secondary teacher training with specialisation: University (concurrent) IIIIIIIVVVIVIIVIIIIXX Post-graduate pedagogical preparation for secondary teaching: University (consecutive) IIIIII

5. Some features of STE Mostly offered in public universities (80+%) Mostly offered in public universities (80+%) 2004: 15,219 students 2004: 15,219 students Specialising in maths and science: 23% rest in Language, S. Sciences, Arts, English, Physical Education Specialising in maths and science: 23% rest in Language, S. Sciences, Arts, English, Physical Education

6. Quality Assurance System of Accreditation of teacher education programmes (voluntary basis) System of Accreditation of teacher education programmes (voluntary basis) Standards to assess graduating teachers (not compulsory) Standards to assess graduating teachers (not compulsory)

7. Secondary teacher education for the knowledge society Stakeholders’ Views: Academics, student teachers, policy-makers, teachers

8. General competencies (view of teacher educators & academics) Personal: flexibility, emotional, interpersonal, positive self-image Personal: flexibility, emotional, interpersonal, positive self-image Social: teamwork capacity, entrepreneurship, leadership, democratic & ecological sensitivity Social: teamwork capacity, entrepreneurship, leadership, democratic & ecological sensitivity Cognitive: clear thinking, intellectual autonomy, knowing how to learn and find information Cognitive: clear thinking, intellectual autonomy, knowing how to learn and find information Planning and teaching Planning and teaching Instrumental: foreign language, ICT. Instrumental: foreign language, ICT.

9. Specific competencies Preparing to teach: content knowledge & deep understanding, knowledge about students and needs Preparing to teach: content knowledge & deep understanding, knowledge about students and needs Appropriate classroom environment: all students can learn, freedom to express views, empathy Appropriate classroom environment: all students can learn, freedom to express views, empathy Teaching for learning: constructivist learning approaches – build on prior knowledge –problem solving – stimulation of divergent thinking Teaching for learning: constructivist learning approaches – build on prior knowledge –problem solving – stimulation of divergent thinking Teacher professionalism: School participation, team work. Teacher professionalism: School participation, team work.

10. How well is teacher education performing? Institutional structures: Institutional structures: the divide between specialist departments and the education department the divide between specialist departments and the education department student teachers’ ambiguous self-image: specialists or teachers? student teachers’ ambiguous self-image: specialists or teachers?

11. How well is teacher education performing? The curriculum: The curriculum: Need for greater focus, less emphasis on quantity and more on depth, especially in subject-matter preparation Need for greater focus, less emphasis on quantity and more on depth, especially in subject-matter preparation Some good experiences with PBL Some good experiences with PBL Pedagogic Content Knowledge not well provided Pedagogic Content Knowledge not well provided

12. How well is teacher education perfoming Teaching approaches: improvement from the past – moving towards more flexible & open forms Teaching approaches: improvement from the past – moving towards more flexible & open forms Practicum: improved but still insufficient in terms of progression, quality of experiences and supervision / mentoring Practicum: improved but still insufficient in terms of progression, quality of experiences and supervision / mentoring Teacher educators: better prepared – weakeness in the area of PCK Teacher educators: better prepared – weakeness in the area of PCK

13. Conclusion In terms of teachers for the knowledge society: better conditions than in other developing countries – In terms of teachers for the knowledge society: better conditions than in other developing countries – Agreement on what is needed in line with demands of knowledge society – but there is a distance with what happens in reality Agreement on what is needed in line with demands of knowledge society – but there is a distance with what happens in reality Institutional and curriculum fragmentation require dealing with Institutional and curriculum fragmentation require dealing with Central policies to orient teacher education are needed as well as an institutional location at Ministry of Education. Central policies to orient teacher education are needed as well as an institutional location at Ministry of Education.

14. How well is teacher education performing? Teaching approaches: improvement in relation to the past – more in line with principles of autonomous learning Teaching approaches: improvement in relation to the past – more in line with principles of autonomous learning Practicum: improved from the past, but still insufficient in time and quality of supervision Practicum: improved from the past, but still insufficient in time and quality of supervision Teacher educators: improvement, but still inadequate preparation in PCK. Teacher educators: improvement, but still inadequate preparation in PCK. Resources and ICT: improvement – much better conditions than 10 years ago. Resources and ICT: improvement – much better conditions than 10 years ago.