2. 1914- 1918: The World at War 1914- 1918: The World at War By: Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley H. S. Chappaqua, NY

3. Differing Viewpoints  “Family Feud”  “Fall of the Eagles”  “The War to End All Wars”  “The War to ‘Make the World Safe for Democracy’”

4. Causes of the War

5. 1. The Alliance System Triple Entente: Triple Alliance:

6. Two Armed Camps! Allied Powers: Central Powers:

7. The Major Players: 1914-17 Nicholas II [Rus] George V [Br] Pres. Poincare [Fr] Allied Powers: Franz Josef [A-H] Wilhelm II [Ger] Victor Emmanuel II [It] Central Powers: Enver Pasha [Turkey]

8. Europe in 1914

9. 2. Militarism & Arms Race 187018801890190019101914 94130154268289398 Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.] in millions of £s. 1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures France10% Britain13% Russia39% Germany73%

10. 3. Economic & Imperial Rivalries

11. 4. Aggressive Nationalism

12. Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914 The “Powder Keg” of Europe

13. Common Issues  All nations had war enthusiasts  All thought it would help the domestic problems (Trade Unions, women’s suffrage, anti-Semitism, Catholic vs Liberals, etc.)  Outbreak of war greeted w/joy

14. The “Spark”

15. Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family

16. The Assassination: Sarajevo

17. The Assassin: Gavrilo Princip Gavrilo Princip

18.  Black Hand did not want Archduke visiting on June 28 th —It was the day the Ottomans annexed Serbia, and also their day of independence  Princip tried to assassinate the Archduke two times when he finally succeeded;  He was almost beaten do death by those who arrested him

19. Who’s To Blame?

20.  Austria waits three weeks and issues an ultimatum to Serbia  Serbia accepts all but one point  Germany issued Austria a “blank check” of support  Austria rejects Serbia’s reply  July 24, 1914  Mobilization began on July 30th

21.  Russia came to Serbia’s Aid  Germany realizes War is Inevitable  Germany needs to strike first  Germany invades France via Belgium on August 1st and 3 rd 1914

22. The Schlieffen Plan

23. German Atrocities in Belgium

24. Mobilization It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to go; It's a long way to go; It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to Tipperary, To the sweetest girl I know! To the sweetest girl I know! Goodbye, Piccadilly, Goodbye, Piccadilly, Farewell, Leicester Square, Farewell, Leicester Square, It's a long, long way to Tipperary, It's a long, long way to Tipperary, But my heart's right there! But my heart's right there! It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to go; It's a long way to Tipperary, To the sweetest girl I know! Goodbye, Piccadilly, Farewell, Leicester Square, It's a long, long way to Tipperary, But my heart's right there!  Home by Christmas!  No major war in 50 years!  Nationalism! HHHHome by Christmas! NNNNo major war in 50 years! NNNNationalism!

25. Recruitment Posters

26. A Young Australian Recruit

27. Recruits of the Central Powers Austro- Hungarians A German Soldier Says Farewell to His Mother

28. New French Recruits

29. A German Boy Pretends to Be a Soldier

31. Women and the War Effort

32. Financing the War

33. For Recruitment

34. Munitions Workers

35. French Women Factory Workers

36. German Women Factory Workers

37. Working in the Fields

38. A Woman Ambulance Driver

39. Red Cross Nurses

40. Women in the Army Auxiliary

41. Russian Women Soldiers

42. Spies e “Mata Hari” e Real Name: Margareetha Geertruide Zelle e German Spy! e “Mata Hari” e Real Name: Margareetha Geertruide Zelle e German Spy!

43. Posters: Wartime Propagand a

44. Australian Poster

45. American Poster

46. Financing the War

47. German Poster Think of Your Children!

48. The Western Front: A “War of Attrition”

49. A Multi-Front War

50. The Western Front

51. Trench Warfare

52. “No Man’s Land”

53. Verdun – February, 1916 e German offensive. e Each side had 500,000 casualties. e German offensive. e Each side had 500,000 casualties.

54. The Somme – July, 1916 e 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day. e Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months. e 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day. e Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.

55. War Is HELL !!

56. Sacrifices in War

57. Krupp’s “Big Bertha” Gun

58. The Eastern Front

59. The Gallipoli Disaster, 1915

60. Turkish Cavalry in Palestine

61. T. E. Lawrence & the “Arab Revolt”, 1916-18

62. T. E. Lawrence & Prince Faisal at Versailles, 1918-19

63. The Tsar with General Brusilov

64. The “Colonial” Fronts

65. Sikh British Soldiers in India

66. Fighting in Africa British Sikh Mountain Gunners Black Soldiers in the German Schutztruppen [German E. Africa]

67. Fighting in Africa 3 rd British Battalion, Nigerian Brigade

68. Fighting in Salonika, Greece French colonial marine infantry from Cochin, China - 1916

69. Americ a Joins the Allies

70. The Sinking of the Lusitania

71. The Zimmerman Telegram

72. The Yanks Are Coming! The Yanks Are Coming!

73. Americans in the Trenches

74. The War of the Industrial Revolution: New Technology

75. French Renault Tank

76. British Tank at Ypres

77. U-Boats

78. Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats

79. The Airplane “Squadron Over the Brenta” Max Edler von Poosch, 1917

80. The Flying Aces of World War I Eddie Rickenbacher, US Francesco Barraco, It. Rene Pauk Fonck, Fr. Manfred von Richtoffen, Ger. [The “Red Baron”] Willy Coppens de Holthust, Belg. Eddie “Mick” Mannoch, Br.

81. Curtis-Martin U. S. Aircraft Plant

82. Looking for the “Red Baron?”

83. The Zeppelin

84. Flame Throwers Grenade Launchers

85. Poison Gas Machine Gun

86. “Art” of World War I

87. “A Street in Arras” John Singer Sargent, 1918

88. “Oppy Wood” – John Nash, 1917

89. “Those Who Have Lost Their Names” Albin Eggar-Linz, 1914

90. “Gassed and Wounded” Eric Kennington, 1918

91. “Paths of Glory” C. R. W. Nevinson, 1917

92. German Cartoon: “Fit for active service!”, 1918

93. 1918 Flu Pandemic: Depletes All Armies 50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died 50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died

94. 11 a.m., November 11, 1918 The Armistice is Signed!

95. 9,000,000 Dead 9,000,000 Dead

96. The Somme American Cemetary, France 116,516 Americans Died

97. World War I Casualties

98. Turkish Genocide Against Armenians A Portent of Future Horrors to Come!

99. Turkish Genocide Against Armenians Districts & Vilayets of Western Armenia in Turkey 19141922 Erzerum215,0001,500 Van197,000500 Kharbert204,00035,000 Diarbekir124,0003,000 Bitlis220,00056,000 Sivas225,00016,800 Other Armenian-populated Sites in Turkey Western Anatolia371,80027,000 Cilicia and Northern Syria309,00070,000 European Turkey194,000163,000 Trapizond District73,39015,000 Total 2,133,190387,800