1. Photosynthesis

2. How do we grow a plant? But is that all????

3. Plants need to do Photosynthesis Chlorophyll inside

4. What you don’t see… Thylakoid: individual membrane- bound compartments where photosynthesis actually occurs (contain the photosynthetic pigments) Granum: stacks of thylakoids

5. Photosynthesis- what goes in? Sunlight (light Energy) Water H 2 O Carbon Dioxide CO 2

6. Photosynthesis- what comes out? Sunlight (Light Energy) Water H 2 O Carbon Dioxide CO 2 Glucose C 6 H 12 O 6 Oxygen O 2

7. Photosynthesis Let’s write the chemical equation on the board!! Let’s write the chemical equation on the board!! What are the reactants, What are the products? What are the reactants, What are the products? What type of energy transformations are going on? What type of energy transformations are going on? –Light Energy into Chemical Energy

8. Reaction CO 2 + H 2 O + light  O 2 + C 6 H 12 O 6 CO 2 + H 2 O + light  O 2 + C 6 H 12 O 6 But it’s not balanced But it’s not balanced 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O + light  6 O 2 + C 6 H 12 O 6 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O + light  6 O 2 + C 6 H 12 O 6 Reactants Products

9. Photosynthesis has an “opposite” reaction… ALL cells must perform this reaction ALL cells must perform this reaction –(not like photosynthesis that only occurs in autotrophs) –Occurs in Mitochondria –It’s why we breathe In fact the name we give to breathing is named after this cellular process In fact the name we give to breathing is named after this cellular process –Any guesses???

10. Cell Respiration Glucose C 6 H 12 O 6 Oxygen O 2 Carbon Dioxide CO 2 Water H 2 O Energy

11. Reaction Let’s draw the chemical formula on the board!! Let’s draw the chemical formula on the board!! What are the reactants, What are the products? What are the reactants, What are the products? What type of energy transformations are going on? What type of energy transformations are going on? –Chemical Energy (Food) into Chemical Energy (ATP)

13. Two Types of Respiration You are currently taking in oxygen and burning sugars within the mitochondria to release chemical energy. You are currently taking in oxygen and burning sugars within the mitochondria to release chemical energy. This process is also known as Aerobic Respiration. Why? This process is also known as Aerobic Respiration. Why? –Because Oxygen is present which allows your cells to burn glucose into energy much more efficiently.

14. What would happen if your cells were deprived of oxygen?? Would they still be able to burn glucose to make energy?? YES!! Anaerobic Respiration Anaerobic Respiration –What does anaerobic mean? NO OXYGEN PRESENT NO OXYGEN PRESENT Ex: Fermentation in the body cells Ex: Fermentation in the body cells –Long distance runners often create an anaerobic environment for their cells Not a very energy efficient process & a bad side effect is produced: Not a very energy efficient process & a bad side effect is produced: Lactic Acid Lactic Acid

15. A different example of fermentation Breweries rely on this process: Breweries rely on this process: –Yeast cells need energy to survive, so they will breakdown sugars in anaerobic conditions and a byproduct is alcohol. –How do you know CO 2 is produced?

16. Fermentation Basics Anaerobic Anaerobic Animals produce lactic acid and CO 2 Animals produce lactic acid and CO 2 Plants produce ethyl alcohol and CO 2 Plants produce ethyl alcohol and CO 2 Less efficient…pgs 124-125 Less efficient…pgs 124-125

17. Efficiency of Types of Cell Respiration Aerobic respiration yields at least 36 ATP Aerobic respiration yields at least 36 ATP Anaerobic nets a measly 2 ATP Anaerobic nets a measly 2 ATP

18. Based on the graph, what color is this plant: 1.Green 2.Red 3.Violet

19. Based on the graph, what colors are best absorbed by this plant: 1.Green and orange 2.Red and violets 3.Violet and green 4. Green and reds

20. Based on the graph below, which color light is least absorbed by plants for photosynthesis 1.Red 2.Yellow 3.Green 4.Orange 5.Violet

21. What is this graph showing you?? pH

22. A scientist wants to study photosynthesis in a newly discovered species. Which of these cell structures should the scientist study? 1.Vacuoles 2.Chloroplasts 3.Mitochondria 4.Ribosomes

23. Muscle cells require more energy than do most other cells. Which organelles would you expect to find in greater abundance in muscle cells than in most other cells? 1.Cilia 2.Mitochondria 3.Ribosomes 4.Chloroplasts

24. Which of these processes results in carbon dioxide production? 1.Osmosis 2.Respiration 3.Evaporation 4.Photosynthesis

25. Some organisms that live in the intestines of cows do not require oxygen to survive. Which of these best describes the process by which these organisms obtain energy? 1.Osmosis 2.Mitosis 3.Cellular respiration 4.Fermentation

26. Let’s fill in this chart with the molecules and then the energy transformations _________________________________ _____________________ _________________________________ _____________________

27. Why do leaves change colors?? Chlorophyll B Chlorophyll A Xanthophyll Carotene

28. These chromatograms show chlorophyll b at the bottom, followed by chlorophyll a, xanthophylls, and carotenes.