1. Growing Sectionalism CHAPTER 3, SECTION 3

2. Increasing Sectionalism  While there was an increased nationalism after the War of 1812, the ‘Era of Good Feelings’ would not last.  The U.S.’ growing regional differences (known as sectionalism ) plagued policymakers.  The differences appeared at the forefront of the slavery debate.

3. The Missouri Compromise- Background  Missouri wanted to be admitted to the U.S.  The balance of an equal # of free and slave states would be upset.  Missouri wanted to enter as a slave state.  Henry Clay (the Great Compromiser) created the Missouri Compromise to appease both the slave-holding South and the North.

4. Missouri Compromise- Stipulations  Clay proposed that Missouri would be admitted as a slave state, but the northern district of Mass. (i.e. Maine) would enter as a free state.  This would maintain the numbers balance.  To eliminate further debate, a line was drawn at the 36°30’ parallel.  This line exemplified the regional split– slavery in the South, no slavery in the North.

5. Jacksonian Democracy CHAPTER 3, SECTION 4

6. The Election of 1824  The election of 1824 pitted four candidates for the presidency.  John Quincy Adams (Monroe’s Sec of State)  Andrew Jackson (war hero from TN)  Henry Clay (Kentucky)  William Crawford (GA)  Jackson won the popular vote, but did not have a majority of the electoral votes.  The decision went to the House of Reps  Henry Clay threw his support to Adams. When Adams won the election, Clay was named his Secretary of State.  Jackson accused the two men of a “ corrupt bargain ”.

7. Jackson’s Response  Jackson began working towards the 1828 election.  He did something new to the presidency– he went across the country campaigning for himself.  This coincided with a change in the election process for many states.  Electors would be chosen based on the popular vote ;  Many states eliminated the property requirement to vote to accommodate the low wages of industrial workers.  Free blacks and women were still restricted from voting.

8. Jackson Emerges  Jackson was seen as the embodiment of democratic principles.  He promoted majority rule and the power of the common man.  Jackson’s supporters called themselves Democrats.  Jackson easily won the election with 56% of the popular vote and 2/3 of the electoral vote.  Jackson’s campaign (led by his manager Martin Van Buren) promised a return to Jeffersonian principles.  Jackson also promised not to interfere with the issue of slavery.

9. The Spoils System  The Democrats transformed party structure. Everyone in the party, no matter their political level, had to obey democratic principles or else be cast out.  Elections became more business-like with ‘professional politicians’ and campaign managers.  Those loyal to the party were rewarded with government jobs.  When Jackson became president, Martin Van Buren became Secretary of State. (Sound familiar?)  The practice of rewarding followers with government jobs became known as the spoils system.

10. Native Americans  Much of Jackson’s support came from the South.  When Southerners asked that 60,000 Native Americans be removed from land viable for cotton, Jackson obliged.  Jackson had already petitioned Congress to pass the Indian Removal Act.  This would negotiate a land tradeoff– give up southern lands for land in he Indian Territory (Oklahoma)

11. Native Americans  In Worchester v Georgia (1832), the Native Americans took their case to the Supreme Court.  John Marshall ruled in favor of the Native Americans keeping their land.  Jackson’s response “John Marshall has made his decision. Now let him enforce it.”  Jackson required Native Americans to walk from Georgia to Oklahoma on what would become known as the Trail of Tears.