1. Free Earth Observation Data on a Global Scale Gilberto Câmara General Director National Institute for Space Research Brazil

2. The fundamental question of our time fonte: IGBP How is the Earth’s environment changing, and what are the consequences for human civilization?

3. Global Change Where are changes taking place? How much change is happening? Who is being impacted by the change?

4. Global Land Project What are the drivers and dynamics of variability and change in terrestrial human- environment systems? How is the provision of environmental goods and services affected by changes in terrestrial human- environment systems? What are the characteristics and dynamics of vulnerability in terrestrial human- environment systems?

5. Impacts of global land change More vulnerable communities are those most at risk

6. Earth observation satellites provide key information about global land change

7. EO data: benefits to everyone CBERS-2 image of Manaus

8. Slides from LANDSAT Aral Sea Bolivia 1975 19922000 197319872000 source: USGS

10. Charles launches campaign to save ravaged rainforests Prince Charles will this week join the battle against climate change by launching an organisation which calls for a new green economics that recognises the world's rainforests are worth more alive than dead. Deforestation is responsible for 18-25 per cent of global carbon emissions, an output second only to energy production. October 21 2007

11. Source: Carlos Nobre (INPE) Deforestation is responsible for 18-25 per cent of global carbon emissions (Prince Charles) How does anyone know?

12. “Despite solid improvements by scientists in monitoring deforestation, the uncertainties are still substantial”. (Science, 27 April 2007)

14. Science, 30 march 2007

15. NASA’s mission formerly began with “To understand and protect our home planet…”. Those words have now been replaced with “Pioneering the future…”. The aim of better exploring the moon and Mars has attractions, but we agree with the sentiment “The planet that has to matter most to us is the one we live on.”

16. Growth of Space Government Investments (2002-2006) source: EUROCONSULT

17. Costs of EO satellites x benefits from EO data ENVISAT sat: US$ 3 billion ENVISAT images: US$ 5 million/year

18. The root of the crisis: Budgets of EO satellites

19. The root of the crisis: Deliverables of EO satellites

20. 20032004200520062007200820092010 LANDSAT-51984 LANDSAT-82012 SPOT-41998 SPOT-52002 CBERS-22003 CBERS-2B2007 CBERS-32010 IRS-P62003 IRS-P6/22008 Land Remote Sensing: 20 to 50 meter resolution public commercial

21. India’s ResourceSat and the China- Brazil Earth Resources Satellite (CBERS) might be good sources of useful data to substitute for the loss of Landsat data during this period (pg. 37) August 2007

22. What did we learn from our fathers? A penny saved is a penny earned

23. The Anti-Uncle Scrooge Principle A pixel unused is a penny wasted LANDSAT data archive (USGS)

24. Uncle Scrooge and the Internet Value comes from use!

25. The Internet has reduced the cost of data distribution to zero!

26. What is a public good? Non-rival...[goods] which all enjoy in common in the sense that each individual's consumption of such a good leads to no subtractions from any other individual's consumption of that good... (Samuelson) Non-excludable it is impossible to exclude any individuals from consuming the good

27. Pictures are documents of culture (public goods) Turner, “Snowstorm” (Tate Gallery, London)

28. Images are public goods Rondonia, Brazil 1986 1975 1992

29. CBERS-2B Launch (19 September 2007) CBERS:satellites for the public good

30. Number of full CCD scenes distributed (145 Mb/scene) 360,000 Number of institutions and companies14,500 CBERS Image Distribution in Brazil (05/2004- 08/2007)

32. Time to respond an image request 9 minutes

33. User Distribution(%) Government Institutions23% Educational Sector26% Private Companies51%

34. “CBERS brought the freedom to have data immediately available when you need it.” Private Farm Management

35. What do the private companies say about free CBERS data? Enables new business development Facilitates trial uses for new clients Planning new applications becomes easier Creates jobs by reducing cost of data buys Increases quality by adding data previously unavailable

36. USGS/EROS Data CenterEOS Polar Ground Network International Cooperators (Landsat 5 & Landsat 7)IC (Landsat 7 only) LTAP+ Station (University of Puerto Rico)IC (Landsat 5 only) (Ar Riyad, Saudi Arabia) Campaign Station (Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia) LANDSAT Ground Station Network

37. CBERS as a global satellite CBERS ground stations will cover most of the Earth’s land mass between 30 0 N and 30 0 S

38. A vision for the future A constellation of satellites will provide free global land imaging for all countries on Earth

39. The Group on Earth Observations, GEO, is leading a worldwide effort to build a Global Earth Observation System of Systems, GEOSS.

40. Terrestrial Airborne Near- Space LEO/MEO Commercial Satellites and Manned Spacecraft Far- Space L1/HEO/GEO TDRSS & Commercial Satellites Deployable Permanent Forecasts & Predictions Aircraft/Balloon Event Tracking and Campaigns User Community Vantage Points Capabilities

41. Will the Global Earth Observation System of Systems be based on free and open data policies?

42. TERRA (ASTER & MODIS) LANDSAT SPOT ALOS RESOURCESAT IRS CBERS A Potential Land Surface Imaging Constellation SAC-C Source: Daniel Vidal-Madjar (France)

43. What can we achieve? There is an enormous demand for remote sensing data in the world Free on-line data access will significantly increase the number of users of earth observation data Free data will lead to a much better understanding of the global Earth System

44. One world, one dream... Free Earth Observation data for all!