1. Ch.9-2 American History

2.  Created by Congress to promote cooperation between gov’t, private industry, and citizens  Applying Progressive ideas they used planning and scientific management to organize the war effort.

3.  Most Important gov’t agency  Told factories what to produce, allocated raw materials, ordered new construction and even set some prices  Created to coordinate the production of war materials

4.  Led by Herbert Hoover  Responsible for increasing food production, while reducing human consumption  Most successful agency  “Food will Win the War-Don’t Waste It”

7.  Encouraged families to grow their own gardens- Victory Gardens

8. Encouraged families to have Wheatless Mondays, Meatless Tuesdays, and Porkless Thursdays in order to save food.

9.  To manage the nations use of coal and oil  Intro. daylight savings time and shortened workweeks for factories not making war materials  Encouraged heatless Mondays

10.  Raised income and corporate taxes  Sold: Liberty Bonds/Victory Bonds

12.  (NWLB); to prevent strikes that could disrupt the war  Pressured industry to improve wages, adopt an 8 hr day, and allow unions to organize and collectively bargain

13.  Women replace men in factories  Most jobs were not permanent  Led to 19 th Amendment

14.  Up to ½ million Af. Am. southerners moved to northern cities to find work  Received more political rights, i.e. voting  Led to population increases in northern cities such as Cleveland, Chicago, and Detroit

15.  Led by George Creel  Hired to “sell the war” to the public.  Used speakers, artists, songs and celebrities from the movies.

16.  75,000 were hired to give speeches about buying bonds and to support the war  In addition they also reported draft dodgers

17.  espionage- spying on govt  Made it illegal to give aid to enemy or interfere with war effort.

18.  Made it illegal to speak out against war in public

19.  Wartime fears, citizens encouraged to spy on neighbors  Boy Spies of America and American Protective League were formed to spy on neighbors and co-workers

20.  Supreme Court case that convicted Charles Schenck of distributing anti-draft pamphlet.  He believed 1 st Amendment rights were being violated.  Free speech could be curbed if it presents a “clear and present danger”

21.  Only 73,000 volunteered  2.8 million drafted  All men between 21-30 are required to register fro the draft.

22.  They were disgusted by German atrocities  Sense of adventure  Call to duty

23.  50,000 Americans died in combat, and over 200,000 were wounded.  The influenza epidemic would kill 25-50 million worldwide, including more than 500,000 Americans

24.  Served in racially segregated units under white officers.  The 396 th Infantry Division from Harlem was an all Afr. Amer. Unit – “Harlem Hellfighters”

26.  Served in non-combat roles  11,000 in the navy as radio operators  No women in the army