2. Defining international terrorism Zubkova Olga Saratov State University Sociological Department, 4 year student

3. The importance of defining Scientific and political definitions Terrorism or national liberation What is an international terrorism? History of arising

4. The importance of defining The definition shows, what we understand under terrorism The definition combines in a very short form author's main ideas about the object, terrorism in our case

5. Scientific and political definitions Scientific definition - causes the manner of research - is connected with a special scientific field Political definition - shapes the policy of a country - shows specific opinion on what action is considered to be act of terrorism

6. Situation in Russia Federal law “About struggle against the terrorism” includes both general definition and the list of crimes. the definition of terrorism will be useful for our native counter-terrorist policy the definition of terrorism will be useful for our native counter-terrorist policy

7. Elements of terrorism definitions

8. Elements of terrorism profiles

9. Comparison of elements

10. "Is One Man's Terrorist Another Man's Freedom Fighter?” two ways to understand what terrorism is Violent activities against nonmilitary people and objects Violent activities against nonmilitary people and objects Its aims – to intimidate an opponent Its aims – to intimidate an opponent It is a method of struggle for proper interests, violence with noble aims It is a method of struggle for proper interests, violence with noble aims

11. Lots of terrorist organizations have such “liberation” aims An independent state for minority The Basque Fatherland and Liberty group, IRA, Kurdistan Worker's Party An independent Islamic state Abu Sayyaf Group, Moro Islamic Liberation Front An independent state of working class Revolutionary People's Liberation Party/Front

12. Other “noble” aim is struggle against crime and drugs “The main objectives of Armata Corsa actually are: the eradication of organized crime in Corsica ” from the profile of Armata Corsa, Corsican terrorist organization, founded in 1999 “NPA has engaged in urban terrorism against the police, corrupt politicians, and drug traffickers“ From the profile of New People's Army, terrorist organization in Philippines, formed in December 1969

13. What terrorism is international? aims that related to more than one country; aims that related to more than one country; the crime begins in one country and finishes in another one; the crime begins in one country and finishes in another one; means (armor, technique, financial resources and so on) of terrorists belong to other country; means (armor, technique, financial resources and so on) of terrorists belong to other country; victims of the terrorist actions are foreigners or members of international organizations; victims of the terrorist actions are foreigners or members of international organizations; the damage is caused to more then one country. the damage is caused to more then one country.

14. The history of international terrorism in the second half of the twentieth century The second half of the twentieth century was marked by the development of the number of international terrorist organizations. This development could be divided into several periods. The second half of the twentieth century was marked by the development of the number of international terrorist organizations. This development could be divided into several periods.

15. The first period (50-60 years) Most international terrorist organizations, that were developed in this period are left-radical or Marxist

16. The second period (70-80 years) Most of arising organizations were Islamic (more than a half)

17. The third period (90 th years) At that time the number of arising nationalistic organizations is more then ever.

18. It is very difficult to find universal definition of international terrorism because there are different cultural, religious and historical backgrounds affecting it. There are different definitions, made by politicians, researchers, journalists, terrorist leaders and so on. But all of them are just attempts to describe this phenomena. Objectively people don’t need all of them, they really need only one definition to be accepted by everyone and everywhere

19. Thank you for your attention!