1. Linking Complex Emergency Response and Transition Initiative (CERTI) Linking Complex Emergency Response and Transition Initiative (CERTI) web site: www.certi.org Global Health Council Washington, D.C. The CERTI program is sponsored by the United States Agency for International Development

2. Outline of presentation CERTI background and human security –Purpose and objectives –Partners –Strategies Achieving human security: CERTI contributions –Framework for and operational approaches to Human Security –Framework and strategies for managing HIV in conflict settings –Improved information base for crisis and transition management through early warning, assessment, monitoring and evaluation

3. CERTI Background Linking Complex Emergency Response and Transition Initiative (CERTI): –Is a program sponsored by USAID/AFR Crisis Mitigation and Recovery group –Has as its objective to improve policies and programs to enhance crisis mitigation and recovery in Sub-Saharan Africa –Places an emphasis on improved coordination and integration of relief and development initiatives –Attacks the problem of human security through cross-cutting and interdisciplinary analyses, consultative consensus-building and intersectoral strategies

4. CERTI partners engaged in analysis and field support Tulane University Payson Center for Technology Transfer and International Development/Department of International Health and Development The International Center for Migration and Health (Geneva) The Civil-Military Alliance for HIV/AIDS The George Washington Univeristy Johns Hopkins University Harvard University

5. Human Security as a critical strategy to ensure the way forward from disaster to development

6. Human Security:the Critical Link Between Relief and Development Development Human Security Disaster

7. HIV and conflict A framework for understanding the linkages between HIV and conflict and implications for programming Addressing HIV in the uniformed services sector, especially within the context of demobilization and reintegration Incorporating gender considerations in strategies to address HIV in conflict settings

9. African Population Database: 1990 Population Density Distribution Source: UNEP/GRID

10. Africa: Major Routes

11. Figure 1: Conceptual Framework of Principal Causes of HIV Risk in Conflict-Affected Populations Violent Conflict Social Ecology of HIV Population Vulnerability to HIV HIV Hazard/ Exposure Opportunity Population HIV Risk

12. Conflict-associated factors that increase and decrease HIV risk Decrease –Increased isolation of communities –Increased death rates among high risk groups –Increased death rates among HIV-infected –Decreased casual sex associated with trauma and depression –Disruption of sexual networks Increase –Increased interaction among military/combatants and civilians –Increased levels of commercial sex –Decreased availability of STI and other health services –Decreased utilization of health services –Increased levels of malnutrition –Decreased access to knowledge and means to prevent HIV transmission –Large internal or regional population movements –Emergence of norms of sexual predation and violence

14. How Can Health Serve as a Bridge for Peace? Submitted to: Tulane University/USAID Linking Complex Emergency Responses and Transition Initiative (CERTI) Prepared by: Dr. Rosalia Rodriguez-Garcia Mr. James Macinko Dr. F. Xavier Solórzano Ms. Marita Schlesser February, 2001

16. Improved information base for early warning, assessment, monitoring and evaluation CERTI serves as the secretariat for information management for an interagency initiative to improve outcome monitoring in complex emergency and transition settings, beginning with an emphasis on collecting standardized information on mortality and nutritional status of affected populations.

18. For more information contact… Nancy Mock, Dr.P.H. or Stanley Samarasinghe Mock@tulane.edu