1. …Making Knowledge Available Professor Rune Nilsen Centre for International Health University of Bergen, Norway

3. Background Professor, Centre for International Health (1988-) –Demand for publications and citations –Partners in Africa and Asia: Marginalized in the Global knowledge society Deputy Rector (VC)2000-2005) –Evaluations--- “Lack of citations and available publication “ –Budget process: -- revealed the dramatic situation of journals –National initiative for Open Access, journals and archives (OAI) Parliament White paper Council for higher education Director Nile Basin Research programme (2006-): –Research centre for the 10 Nile state governments

4. 10/90 Dilemma in health science The dilemma is the central problem in health research. Every year the world spends $50-60 billion for health research and development. Only 10% of this is used for research on the health problems of 90% of the world’s people. The 10/90 Report on Health Research, 1999 Global Forum for Health Research 10/90 dilemma: --A dilemma for all fields: Social sciences, arts, law, environment,technology............. and access to knowledge and research literature

5. Nile Basin Research Program, April 2006 10 Countries around the Nile: –--Politics, history, climate, health, technology-- –WB and all governments and regional universities + Norway –Dramatic situation: level of water, droughts, floods, food diseases, conflicts and war……. “We found so many publications and theses piled in a room of our library. How can we make it available to the Nile challenges? And to the research community?” Professor in the Nile region, 2006 UiB will facilitate Open Archive Initiative

6. Nile Basin Research programme, April 2006 Difficult to get research knowledge “Out”: –The academic problems in developing countries are not considered interesting -- by many journals –Theses not made available: “Rooms filled up” The journals /publication channels: –Not affordable, generally –“High Impact” journals/series particularly unavailable –Increased market pressure –Quality more and more linked with particular journals Conservatism –towards the concepts of “OA/OAI” ---supported by “Northern” partners –Few initiatives and low support for OPEN ACCESS journals Some good OA processes in Natural sciences and health Enthusiasm for the OAI initiative in NBRP

7. Research and higher learning are together the motors in the Knowledge Revolution for Equity and Development Research and higher learning in a global perspective will become the core of ordinary research and higher learning institutions Peril and Promise” Task force for higher education: (World Bank 2000)

8. RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS We are employed to research, and to make the knowledge available and used by the global research community, e.g for “Research impact” We shall publish in Peer Review, quality journals: – 24000 peer-reviewed – 2500000 art +++ pr. Year We do not have access to the journals…… – Example: Ethiopian Journal of Health Development – From Unavailable to an Open Access journal We publish for “Research impact” and not for royalties. “

9. Knowledge management– a core function of a Research University…some observations: ”The digital shift of paradigm for publications” –Often not fronted by Institutional academic leadership. –Not pushed by the researchers and.. –The libraries push, but had not mandate and power The Library system is the body for –dynamic Knowledge management and –keeping an institutional memory of knowledge Very few universities have a real and prioritized –Knowledge management unit as an important part for the institutional academic leadership

10. Institutional memory of knowledge To visualize the institutional knowledge To enable access to the publications when access to the databases of the journals no longer is paid To secure a culture among the researchers through self archiving by using the Institutional Archive/Institutional Repository –If not active self archiving: we can loose access to our own institutions publications

11. Open Access and Open Institutional Archives Status at University of Bergen Established and anchored in the University strategy (2005-) –As a tool for better academic impact –As a tool for Global Public Good –Through OPEN ACCESS and Institutional Repositories (IR) for Self Archiving The university library has the overall responsibility –Has played the key role for Bergen Open Research Archive –Manage the BORA and the parallel Thesis archive Status –OA rapidly increasing i some fields –A few of the very best research groups are active in IR –Many researchers has not “discovered” BORA –Many of the research leaders has not taken “ownership” Lack of “Public Good” perspective?? Lack of understanding of the power of OA/OIA?? Just conservatism????…..

12. Open Access and Open Institutional Archives Fundamental in reaching the RESEARCH GOALS: –Excellence –Availability –Academic impact –Academic relevance Important to strengthen COMPETITIVENESS for the research groups and in higher learning A main tool to combat ”Scientific apartheid” Ismail Serageldins, President Library in Alexandria World summit on sustainable development in Johannesburg

13. …Making Knowledge Available 8th international Conference on Current Research Information Systems