1. Jeffrey S. Stevenson, Ph.D. Department of Animal Sciences and Industry Getting Cows Pregnant Ontario Association of Bovine Practitioners Reproductive Symposium

2. Estrus-Detection Programs No hormonal intervention

3. Insemination Rebreeding or pregnancy diagnosis End of VWP Heat detection only First Service Options

4. Pregnancy Rates 1,190 cows 9 studies each 1,155 cows Adapted from Rabiee et al. (2005) NS difference

5. PGF 2  Programs Detection of Estrus

6. Insemination Rebreeding or pregnancy diagnosis End of VWP Heat detection PGF First Service Options Heat detection PGF Heat detection PGF Insemination 0 wk 2 wk 4 wk

7. Insemination Rebreeding or pregnancy diagnosis Ovsynch GnRH TAI PGF M M W Th GnRH End of VWP Heat detection PGF First Service Options Cows not detected in heat by ??? days in milk

8. Pregnancy Rates 2,234 cows 16 studies each 2,209 cows Adapted from Rabiee et al. (2005) NS difference

9. GnRH  PGF 2  Programs + Detection of Estrus

10. Select Synch PGF M GnRH First Service Options Rebreeding or pregnancy diagnosis Insemination Heat detection Ovsynch GnRH TAI PGF M M W Th GnRH Cows not detected in heat by ??? days in milk End of VWP

11. Pregnancy Rates 764 cows 5 studies each 770 cows Adapted from Rabiee et al. (2005) NS difference

12. Timed AI Programs: Ovsynch

13. End of VWP GnRH TAIPGF M M W Th Ovsynch GnRH First Service Options 48 hr % Pursley et al. (1998)

14. Day of Estrous Cycle at Onset of the Ovsynch Protocol Vasconcelos et al. (1999)

15. Timed AI Programs: Presynchronized Cycles + Ovsynch

16. Injection Schedule for Presynch + Ovsynch Program PGF PGF PGF GnRH TAI GnRH 12 days Estrus

17. Rebreeding or pregnancy diagnosis End of VWP GnRH AI PGF M M W Th 12-14 days GnRH Ovsynch Presynch PGF 14 days First Service Options PGF

18. PGF PGF PGF GnRHTAI GnRH n = 262 n = 264 n = 272n = 278 Presynch + Ovsynch Program Moreira et al. (2001) El-Zarkouny et al. (2004) 12 days

19. Pregnancy Rates 971 cows 7 studies each 982 cows  2 = 21.084; P < 0.001

20. W W M M End of VWP PGF 7 d GnRH Ovsynch Presynch PGF 14 days GnRH+TAI TAIGnRH GnRH+TAI W Th Cosynch 48 Cosynch 72 Ovsynch Portaluppi and Stevenson (2006) 24 hr 48 hr 72 hr 48 hr 12 days Kansas Presynch-Ovsynch Study 22.8% 23.5% (n = 665) 31.4%

21. F F T T End of VWP PGF 11 days GnRH Ovsynch Presynch PGF 14 days GnRH+TAI TAI GnRH GnRH+TAI Th F Cosynch 48 Cosynch 72 Ovsynch 56 Brusveen et al. (2006) 16 hr 48 hr 72 hr 56 hr 7 d Wisconsin Presynch-Ovsynch Study 44.8% 36.2% 24.6% (n = 343)

22. Timed AI Programs: + Progesterone

23. Pregnancy Rates 730 cows 3 studies each 718 cows NS difference

24. CIDR Ovsynch + CIDR PGF GnRH PGF TAI Ovsynch Ovsynch+C GnRH TAI GnRH 50% 40% 38% 33% Conception rates Day 28 Day 56 –7 0 +48 +64 DaysHours Stevenson et al. (2006) n = 634 cows

25. Effect of Location and Cyclicity on Pregnancy Rates at Day 28 Treatment × herd interaction Stevenson et al. (2006)

26. Conception Rates at 56 d after TAI based on Cycling Status and Serum P4 at PGF Pretreatment cycling status Serum P4 before PGF 2  Luteal status before PGF 2  OVS OVS + CIDR Noncycling High Low Active induced CL 4 No induced CL 4 39 (58) 17 (38) 34 (47) 33 (41) Cycling High Low Active CL Early luteolysis 39 (178) 19 (47) 43 (179) 38 (46) Treatment Stevenson et al. (2006)

27. Pregnancy Rates 1,599 cows 4 studies each 1,609 cows NS difference

28. “Cherry Picking” Melendez et al. (In press) 589 cows 586 cows d 14d 0

29. Costs per Pregnancy Item Breeding Program Detected estrusOvsynch Presynch + OVS Annual cost, $ Unadj. cost/pregnancy, $ No. of reproductive culls Average days open Cost/day open beyond 85 d Adjusted cost/pregnancy, $ 11,801 55.40 37 162 3.16 298.35 17,221 73.66 16 122 1.16 115.39 18,507 78.59 15 116 1.02 110.49 Adapted from Nebel et al. (2003)

30. Thank you! Department of Animal Sciences and Industry Ontario Association of Bovine Practitioners Reproductive Symposium