1. backwards outline after a first draft is complete

2. test the structure of your ideas All essay components should closely connect. Pick a point and stick to it!

3. backwards outline DIRECTIONS: Copy each main sentence exactly as it appears in the draft. Afterward, analyze and revise as needed: titletitle thesisthesis topic sentence from each body paragraph (#1, #2, #3, #4, etc.)topic sentence from each body paragraph (#1, #2, #3, #4, etc.) underline or underline or create a separate document create a separate document

5. FRAMEWORK title thesis topic sentences

6. TITLE should not simply state topic should connect to thesis and match the hook any metaphors and creative phrases used in the title should be explained inside the essay remember to capitalize all main words

7. THESIS Most important sentence or two in essay. Clearly state your opinion about the topic. Make your argument. Not a good place for pronouns; use nouns and proper nouns instead. As college students, for most essays find a place in your introduction for this component, unless otherwise directed. In most cases, students should avoid asking a thesis question, unless specifically assigned.

8. TOPIC SENTENCES Set a paragraph’s point at the top. Keep your thesis alive. Must contain some analysis. Argue your point in every paragraph. Not a good place for pronouns; use nouns and proper nouns instead. Under review, topic sentences may need adjustment in order to maintain strong essay structure. Stick closely to your original concept or realize that your main idea may be changing and developing as you write. Don’t be afraid to change topic sentences, change thesis, or change both in order to improve your work.

9. remember “cut,” “copy” and “paste" are a writer’s best friends! Don’t be afraid to move ideas and/or support to better construct your thoughts. Think of your readers. Handle their reading experience with care.

10. learn to connect or cut learn to connect or cut

11. OUTER SHELL hook detailed support conclusion conclusion

12. hook show your thesis launch your argument grab and keep the reader’s attention

13. detailed support connect to topic sentence connect to thesis connect to title

14. conclusion DON’T DON’T simply repeat your thesis, topic sentences or support. PLAN PLAN ahead! Save something special for a strong close. GIVE GIVE readers a reason to read through the end of your essay.

15. practice dynamic outlining outline before, during and after drafting

16. remember: intro = hook + thesis only remember: intro = hook + thesis only Learn to distinguish the main idea from supporting points. Move competing ideas into body paragraphs; try using them as topic sentences. In prewriting, writers often find their thesis surrounded by topic sentences. When initially recording thoughts, the brain delivers main ideas first. The writer’s job is to sort, organize and build a composition out of these puzzle pieces.

17. REVISE AND SHINE!

18. Gina Fournier Oakland Community College Fall 2008