1. Marquis De Sade as the Bastille “The exercise of power always requires symbolic practices. There is no government without rituals and symbols…When a revolutionary movement challenges the legitimacy of traditional govern- ment, it must necessarily challenge the traditional trappings of rule, as well. Then it must go about inventing political symbols that will express accurately the ideals and principles of the new order” -- Lynn Hunt

2. Revolution in the Provinces Revolutionary committees and riot The “Great Fear” Refusal to pay taxes, attack on seigneurial rights Aug. 4-5 “auction” of privileges by assembly, destruction of feudal regime Decree of Aug. 11 Revolutionary committees and riot The “Great Fear” Refusal to pay taxes, attack on seigneurial rights Aug. 4-5 “auction” of privileges by assembly, destruction of feudal regime Decree of Aug. 11

3. Foundation of a New Order Possible limits to right of free speech and opinion Opposition of the clergy advocated continued monopoly of Catholic Church Need for King’s assent: Count Mirabeau and the monarchiens, defeated 490-89 Possible limits to right of free speech and opinion Opposition of the clergy advocated continued monopoly of Catholic Church Need for King’s assent: Count Mirabeau and the monarchiens, defeated 490-89

4. October Days and End of Constitutional Monarchy Bread riots in Sept.- Oct. Trampling of national cockade at counter- revolutionary orgies Lafayette’s intervention King returns to Paris, end of King’s resistance Bread riots in Sept.- Oct. Trampling of national cockade at counter- revolutionary orgies Lafayette’s intervention King returns to Paris, end of King’s resistance

5. “Active” vs. “Passive” Citizens and administrative reform Legislative Assembly 745 seats, two year term Oct. 29, 1789, men over 25, taxes equivalent to 3 days labor -- 4.3 million Frenchmen to choose electors Eligible electors equivalent of 10 days taxes Eligible deputies -- silver mark 54 days labor 60% men some say, 1 in 10 deputies Legislative Assembly 745 seats, two year term Oct. 29, 1789, men over 25, taxes equivalent to 3 days labor -- 4.3 million Frenchmen to choose electors Eligible electors equivalent of 10 days taxes Eligible deputies -- silver mark 54 days labor 60% men some say, 1 in 10 deputies

6. Nationalization of Church Lands and Civil Constitution of Church Fiscal crisis: Nov. 3, 1789 Mirabeau’s proposal to put church land at disposal of nation accepted, 568-346 Introduction of paper money, assignats, in 1,000 livre denominations Spring, deficit from 80 million to 294 million, assignats become legal tender Civil Constitution of the Church June-July 1790 Fiscal crisis: Nov. 3, 1789 Mirabeau’s proposal to put church land at disposal of nation accepted, 568-346 Introduction of paper money, assignats, in 1,000 livre denominations Spring, deficit from 80 million to 294 million, assignats become legal tender Civil Constitution of the Church June-July 1790

7. Revolutionary process Creation of new symbols and symbolic practices Participation of crowd: power of crowd to force change in institutions, to confer legitimacy Breakdown of royal authority and power throughout country -- power void filled by new authorities Destruction/Creation of new order with institutional practices Creation of new symbols and symbolic practices Participation of crowd: power of crowd to force change in institutions, to confer legitimacy Breakdown of royal authority and power throughout country -- power void filled by new authorities Destruction/Creation of new order with institutional practices