1. Sejarah Senibina Barat : BAEA 2115 Naziaty Mohd Yaacob
Lecture 2 Byzantine and Romanesque Architecture (600 to 900 AD) Gothic Architecture (1000 to 1400 AD)
Sejarah Senibina Barat : BAEA 2115
Naziaty Mohd Yaacob

2. Around AD 0 to AD 1143

3. Byzantine Architecture

4. The Pantheon,
Rome

5. Basilica

6. Construction of Walls and Arches

7. Construction of vaults and domes

8. The Pantheon,
Rome

9. Pendentives How to fit a dome over a square and not have walls
B) Use a series of small arches (squinches) until an octagonal base is formed.
C) Curved triangular segments (pendentives) inserted between the four arches that form the square

10. HAGIA SOPHIA A.D.

11. HAGIA SOPHIA
Excellent example of creating a unified series of spaces based on a centralised dome, surrounded by semi-domes.

12. PLAN OF HAGIA SOPHIA

13. Hagia Sophia
About 100 ft in diameter where the central domed space dominated the architecture
Use of ‘Pendentives’
Mosaic
Marble
Solid /void
Light/dark
Mysterious -Screen of Columns

14. The Byzantine Dome

15. SS. Sergius and Bacchus: Constantinople

16. S. Vitale : Ravenna

17. Other Byzantine Churches

19. The Evolution of the Early Christian Churches

20. Basilica : S. Peter’s Rome

21. Early Christian churches adopted the Roman Basilica form which is suitable to the needs of the church rites and rituals.
The Basilica form is the prototype of the earliest and simplest Christian churches.

22. Basilican church type

23. Forms of Early Churches

24. Basilica shaped Church of S Sabina with circumbulatory spaces for the processions of pilgrimage along the aisles and the altar at the apse end.

26. Roman vault inspired medieval architecture

27. Romanesque Architecture
The typical Romanesque church had;
thick walls
columns built close together
heavy curved arches.
A tower rose from the roof over the point where the transept crossed the nave. Four large supports called piers held up the tower. An arcade separated the nave from the side aisles. A gallery was built above the arcade. The clerestory, made up of a row of windows set in arches, topped the gallery

28. Durham cathedral Not yet gothic Norman period Rounded arches Durham
started in the
11th century
Later introduction
of Gothic elements

29. 12th century church St Clemente, Rome, built over the remains of a 4th century basilica

30. Apart from the nave and the aisles, it has an atrium or forecourt with ablutionary fountain and a large narthex or porch where the penitents and the unbaptized could hear the services

31. Romanesque
S Michele

33. Monastery of St Gallen
9th century

34. Durham cathedral Not yet gothic Norman period Rounded arches Durham
started in the
11th century
Later introduction
of Gothic elements

35. Gothic Architecture Key features of Gothic architecture were:
The pointed arch
The flying buttress
The vaulting rib
The moulding
Gothic builders used these key features to perfect the system and built higher and higher

36. Every part depend upon every part

37. What is Gothic Architecture?
Firstly, it was a system whereby a fireproof roof of stone had its outward thrust resisted by external buttresses.
Secondly, It was a carved architecture because every stone is carved for its position with mouldings. Every element – rib, mullion, shaft, arch, jamb, thus incorporating: function, structure and decoration.

38. English Gothic Architecture
Westminster Abbey
Different stages of development best shown here, typical of manyGothic churches.
Pointed arches
Ribbed vaults
Flying buttresses

39. Pointed Arch A) The round arch requires a square vaulting bay
B) If rectangular bay, round arch on shorter side must be raised (a)
C) All arches can be on same level and get the rectangular bay. Just some more pointed than others
D) Additional ribs can be added.

40. Evolution of Gothic Vaulting

41. Evolution of Gothic Vaulting

42. Peterborough Cathedral
Norman period
Rounded arches

43. Types of Arches

44. Types of Arches

45. Piers, capitals and bases
The size of the Gothic structure such as piers, capitals and bases are reduced more and more throughout the different periods: norman, early english, decorated and finally, perpendicular.

46. Different periods

47. Gothic Cathedrals

48. Gothic Cathedrals

49. Early churches were built, in most cases, on the oblong basilica plan or the round or many-sided centralized plan. Old St. Peter's, left, which stood on the site of the present St. Peter's in Rome, was the best-known early Christian basilica. It was begun about 330. San Vitale, right, is a centralized church in the Byzantine style. It was built in Ravenna, Italy, in the mid-500's.