1. ARTIFICIAL HEARTS: GOING BEYOND HUMAN EVOLUTION Jon Goldberg

2. Functionality of the Heart Maintains flow of blood throughout body Supplies nutrients and oxygen Waste transport Pumps via muscle contraction + relaxation to “push” blood

3. Diagram of the Heart

4. Problems to Solve Heart Failure Systolic Dysfunction Heart does not contract with enough force; less oxygen-rich blood. Diastolic Dysfunction Heart contracts, but ventricles do not relax/are stiff; less blood enters the heart.

5. How to Solve Complete heart replacement Mimic “pumping action” of natural hearts Big and bulky. Mechanical pumping is hard to pull off. Requires a lot of equipment. Heart assistance VAD (Ventricular Assistance Device ) Left and/or right ventricular assistance.

6. The LVAD

7. The Pros of the LVAD Extremely portable. Relieves stress on heart. Allows it to perform some repairs. “Continuously Flowing” requires no pumping.

8. The Cons Requires blood thinners to use. Unplanned hospital readmission Infections Device malfunction Little full-heart-replacement testing

9. The Full Replacement Story Young Central-African man receives a LVAD in response to heart failure. Goes missing for 8 months. Comes back, heart has failed. Has been living the past months with nothing but the LVAD.

10. The Full Replacement Story Cont. Dr. Billy Cohn and Dr. Bud Frazier push the LVAD to full replacement. Takes 38 calves’ hearts out.

11. The Future Full heart replacement looks promising. Needs more testing + enhancements 600,000 people die each year due to heart failure. Dr. Cohn and Dr. Frazier are pushing the Heartmate II. More experimentation with the Archimedes’ Screw design. Less “mimicking” of natural pumping, more experimenting with human innovation.

12. References http://www.medicinenet.com/heart_failure/page3.htm http://www.heartfailurematters.org/EN/UnderstandingHeartFailu re/Pages/Whatarethedifferenttypesofheartfailure.aspx http://www.heartfailurematters.org/EN/UnderstandingHeartFailu re/Pages/Whatarethedifferenttypesofheartfailure.aspx http://www.medicotips.com/2010/06/died-of-hear-attack.html http://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/treating-left-ventricular- device http://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/treating-left-ventricular- device http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/vad/ http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/tah/ http://content.onlinejacc.org/article.aspx?articleid=1204944 http://abcnews.go.com/Health/texas-man-pioneers-beatless- heart-wave-future/story?id=13838596 http://abcnews.go.com/Health/texas-man-pioneers-beatless- heart-wave-future/story?id=13838596 http://www.voanews.com/content/doctors-achieve-milestone- using-artificial-heart-with-no-beat-125085499/171541.html http://www.voanews.com/content/doctors-achieve-milestone- using-artificial-heart-with-no-beat-125085499/171541.html http://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/facts.htm