1. Cardiovascular System AKA Circulatory System

2. Purpose of the Cardiovascular System Gets needed materials from one part of the body to another, such as glucose, oxygen & glucose. Removes the wastes from the body, such as carbon dioxide. Carries the disease-fighting cells around the body.

3. Heart Info Muscular organ that pumps blood through the body. About the size of a fist in the center of chest.

4. Heart Info Protected by the sternum and rib cage. Pushes blood through body. Contracts all the time without tiring.

5. Heart Structure Has 2 sides - right and left - separated by a layer of tissue called the septum. Each side is divided into an upper and lower chamber.

6. Heart Structure Upper chambers are called atria (atrium – singular) Lower chambers are called ventricles.

7. Heart Structure Valves (flaps of tissue) prevent backflow of blood are between the atria and ventricles, and the ventricles and large arteries that leave the heart (aorta and pulmonary artery.)

8. Heart Diagram

9. Heart Functioning Heart action has two phases. – Phase 1: Heart relaxes and fills with blood. – Phase 2: Heart contracts and sends blood through the body. 1 st Atria contracts sending blood to the ventricles. 2 nd Ventricles contracts sending blood to the larger blood vessels.

10. Heart Functioning Lup-dup (heartbeat sound) happens during Phase 2 when the valves close. Left ventricle pushes blood with more force since it goes to the body. Right ventricle pushes with less force since it goes only to the lungs.

11. Heart Functioning Pacemaker – group of cells that sends out signals to contract to the heart. – On right atrium – Responds to oxygen levels and adjust heart rate. – Can be replaced with an artificial one.

12. Blood Flow Blood flows through blood vessels when it leaves the heart. Flows in one direction only Two loops of blood flow – Loop 1: heart to lungs to heart – Loop 2: heart to body to heart

13. Blood Vessels Arteries – carry blood away from the heart Veins – carry blood to the heart Capillaries – exchange of materials happens

14. Blood Vessels - Arteries Right ventricle to pulmonary artery to lungs Left ventricle to aorta to coronary arteries and rest of the body Branches to smaller arteries.

15. Blood Vessels - Arteries Walls are very thick with 3 layers – Inner – epithelial so smooth – Middle – muscle – Outer – flexible connective tissue

16. Blood Vessels - Arteries Strong and flexible Able to handle large amounts of pressure Regulates blood flow to different organs/areas of the body

17. Blood Vessels - Capillaries Walls are only 1 cell thick Materials are exchanged between blood and body’s cells

18. Blood Vessels - Veins Walls are thin with 3 layers with middle layer of muscle

19. Blood Vessels - Veins Factors that help get blood back to the heart – Contraction of skeletal muscles – Valves to prevent back flow – Breathing movements squeeze blood to heart

20. Blood 4 main components – Plasma – Red blood cells – White blood cells – Platelets

22. Vial of Blood

23. Blood - Plasma Liquid part of blood Carries materials around the body 55% of blood

24. Blood – Plasma 90% is water 10% dissolved materials – Nutrients (glucose, fats, vitamins, & minerals) – Chemical messengers – Wastes

25. Blood – Plasma Plasma proteins (gives yellow color) – 1 st Regulates amount of water in blood – 2 nd Made by WBC to fight disease

26. Blood – Plasma Plasma proteins (gives yellow color) – 3 rd interacts with platelet to form blood clots

27. RED BLOOD CELLS

29. Blood – Red Blood Cells AKA erythrocytes Takes up oxygen in lungs to deliver to rest of the body Produced in bone marrow Shape: discs with pinched in centers

30. Blood – Red Blood Cells Made mostly of hemoglobin which the O 2 attaches to Bright red when O 2 is attached Dark red without O 2

31. Blood – Red Blood Cells Picks up some of the CO 2 (rest is in the plasma) Mature RBC – no nuclei Lives only 120 days 2 million die/replaced per sec.

32. White Blood Cells

34. Blood – White Blood Cells AKA leukocytes Fights diseases Produced in bone marrow

35. Blood – White Blood Cells Types – Recognize disease agents and alerts body – Produce chemicals to fight – Surround and kill microbes

36. Blood – White Blood Cells 1 WBC to 500 – 1000 RBC WBC larger than RBC Contains nuclei Can live for months or years

37. Platelets

38. Blood – Platelets AKA Thrombocytes Cell fragments that help with forming blood clots At wound site release chemicals to start a chain reaction to make fibrin

39. Blood – Platelets Fibrin net traps blood cells Blood clot forms as more & more cells get trapped.

40. Clot beginning