1. Cell Division Gone Wrong….
Cancer

2. Rates of Cell Division
Inner lining of small intestine – a week or less
Pancreas – a year or more
Liver – Cell rarely divide unless injured
Skin – Cells will divide to replace cells
Healthy skin – lower rate of cell division
Cancer – Greater rate than the surrounding tissue

3. What is Cancer?
A mutation that occurs in a cell’s DNA that increases it’s rate of cell division

4. What is Cancer?
A Cancer cell keeps dividing despite messages from the nucleus to stop growing and dividing

5. Tumour Rapidly growing cells that form a lump
May or may not affect surrounding cells.
Colon Cancer Cells

6. Benign Tumour
A growth with no serious effects on surrounding tissue except crowding of cells.

7. Can destroy surrounding tissue
Malignant Tumour
A growth that interferes with the function of neighbouring cells and tissues
Can destroy surrounding tissue

8. Secondary Tumours
A group of cells which breaks away from the original (primary) tumour.
Metastasis – The process of a cancerous cell travelling through the body to settle in a new location.

9. Metastatic Cancer
Tumours found in the colon might not be colon cancer.

10. Lung Cancer

11. Cancer Video

12. Mitosis Gone Wrong Prostrate Cancer Cell Lung Cancer Cell
Breast Cancer Cell

13. Cell Division leading to Benign and Malignant Tumours

14. Carcinogens – environmental factors
Causes of Cancer
Carcinogens – environmental factors
tobacco smoke
Radiation (x-rays)
UV rays (sun, tanning beds)
Some viruses
Chemicals in some plastics

15. Hereditary Causes of Cancer Called inherited cancer
An abnormal gene (piece of DNA) is passed from parent to child that can potentially cause cancer
Ex. Genes associated with breast and colon cancers

16. Diagnosing Cancer
Cancer screening – Increase the chance for early detection and treatment.

17. Cancer Screening
Check to see if inherited DNA is linked to cancer; important with family history of breast or colon cancer.
Breast Cancer Cells
Colon cancer

18. Cancer Screening Breast Cancer – regular self examination
Irregular Mole
Breast Cancer – regular self examination
Cervical Cancer – regular pap smears
Testicular Cancer – testicular self exam
Prostate Cancer – blood test
Skin Cancer – check moles for “ABCD”
Asymmetry, Border, Color, and Diameter

20. Diagnosing Cancer Imaging Technology
Endoscopy – camera, cable sent into the body to look at tissue and remove tissue samples

21. Diagnosing Cancer
X-ray – to view bones/lungs
Mammogram – to view breast tissue
Ultrasound – sound waves create a digital
image

22. Diagnosing Cancer
CT or CAT scan – multiple x-rays assembled in an image more detailed than x-rays
MRI – radio waves
create 3D models
of images

23. Biopsy – look at a sample of cells under a microscope.
Diagnosing Cancer
Biopsy – look at a sample of cells under a microscope.

24. Surgery – removal of cancerous tissue Chemotherapy
Treatment for Cancer
Surgery – removal of cancerous tissue
Chemotherapy
specific drugs to slow/stop cancer division
side effects – hair loss, nausea, fatigue

25. Treatment for Cancer Radiation damages Cancer DNA
focused beam or implant

26. Treatment for Cancer Biophotonics
uses light energy to diagnose and treat living cells
fewer side effects
accurate target with cancer cells

27. Radiation Technology
Video

28. Lifestyle choices: Reducing the Risk
Healthy Diet – lots of fruits and vegetables, reduced fatty meat.
Exercise – some
cancers are associated
with higher body fat.

29. Reducing the Risk
Avoid Smoking - every cigarette feeds your body with chemicals which covert in your body to toxic compounds which change
the DNA of
body cells.

30. Vocabulary!
Tumour Benign Tumour Malignant Tumour Mutations Ultrasound Carcinogens Endoscopy CT scan Biophotonics MRI Chemotherapy

31. Homework!
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