1. PUBLIC SPEAKING
“I’ll pay more for a person’s ability to speak and express himself than for any other quality he might possess.”
-- Charles M. Schwab

2. Why Study Public Speaking?
Empowerment
Achieves desired goals
“Advantage” over
competition
Shows confidence
Shows conviction
Image from:

3. Why Study Public Speaking?
Corporations want skilled speakers:
To adapt information
To be organized, and
To keep listeners interested
Communication: top skill sought by employers

4. How does Public Speaking differ from conversation?
Public Speaking is planned:
More practice
More preparation
More research

5. Public Speaking is formal:
Less slang & casual language
More physical distance between
speaker and audience
More controlled gestures and movements
Image from:

6. the speaker and audience roles are clearly defined:
In Public Speaking,
the speaker and audience roles are
clearly defined:
Expectations well-established
Behaviors stable
Speaker and audience
follow rules more
Image from: Moore, Mike.

7. Communication is a process
Of Action
Of Interaction
Of Transaction

8. The Communication Process
Communication as ACTION
One-way messages (linear)
The Speaker is the SOURCE
The Message is the SPEECH
The Channel is how the message is transmitted = visually & auditory
The Receiver is the AUDIENCE
Noise: Anything the INTERFERES
External--actual noise
Internal--internal distractions within listeners

9. Model of Communication
Jacobson, Susan. unix.temple.edu/~susanj/jou55/model.jpg

10. Communication as Interaction
The speaker sends the message
and the receiver gives feedback.
Speakers & audiences are affected by the Context -- the environment or situation
in which the speech is given.
Image by padmanegara,

11. The Communication Process
Communication as Transaction
Communication happens simultaneously
Speakers & audience constantly send and receive verbal & nonverbal messages.
Source
Receiver
Receiver
Source

12. The Birth of Public speaking
4th Century B.C.
The “Golden Age” of Rhetoric
Plato’s writings influence the development of Western philosophy & culture.
Plato & Socrates developed the Socratic method.
Artistotle formulated guidelines for speakers
that we still follow today.
Rhetoric: use of words and symbols to achieve a goal.

13. 15th Century Public speaking used mostly by clergy.
Image from: flavmarg.blogspot.com/2007/01/martin-luther.html

14. 18th Century
Public Speaking used by American patriots to promote independence.

15. 19th Century
Public Speaking played a role in abolition and suffrage movements.

16. 20th Century Television becomes a force in public speaking.
War & civil rights issues.

17. Public Speaking & Diversity
Different audiences have
different expectations.
Speakers must adapt
to audiences.
Audience-centeredness
is key.
Image by Park, from CartoonStock.com

18. Improving Your Confidence
Nervousness is normal.
Public speaking is number one in highest anxiety.
Image from: Smale, Laurie.

19. Understanding Your Nervousness
Brain triggers body
Communication apprehension (CA): fear of speaking
Image from: i.ehow.com/.../publicspeaking-main_Full.jpg

20. Build Your Confidence Before your speech: Don’t delay preparing.
Learn as much as you can about your audience.
Pick a comfortable and familiar topic.
Rehearse your speech.
Present a structured speech.

21. Other Advice Be familiar with introduction and conclusion.
Simulate actual speech conditions.
Breathe deeply.
Think and act calm.
Picture positive outcomes.
Reassure yourself mentally (with a pep talk).

22. Finally During the speech: Focus on content, not fears.
Look for supportive audience members.
After the speech:
Reflect on positives.
Seek other speaking opportunities.

23. Work Cited Material adapted from Instructor’s Classroom Kit for:
Beebe, Steven A. and Susan J. Beebe. Public Speaking: An Audience-Centered Approach, Custom Edition. Boston: Pearson Education, Inc., 2009.