1. Disorders of the Cardiovascular System
SBI3U

2. Cardiovascular disease deaths
Every 7 minutes in Canada, someone dies from heart disease or stroke.
Heart disease and stroke are two of the three leading causes of death in Canada.

3. What is hypertension? Increases blood pressure in the arteries
Effect on the body
Heart becomes over worked trying to pump blood against the high pressure
Arteries damaged; walls become hardened (arteriosclerosis) and lose their elasticity
Blood clots can occur; coronary artery will cause heart attack; in the brain cause a stroke
Kidneys may be damaged

4. The Risk Factors of coronary heart disease?

5. Things you can’t change:
Family history
Increasing age
Gender
Controllable:
High blood pressure
Elevated blood fats
Obesity
Diabetes
These you can change:
Poor eating habits
Response to stress
Physical inactivity

6. DISORDERS OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM (Blood Vessels)
Arteriosclerosis
Overtime too much pressure in arteries lead to hardening and loss of elasticity of the arterial wall
“hardening of arteries”
Caused by hypertension, age, plaque buildup

7. Atherosclerosis Most common form of arteriosclerosis
Due to plaques develop on the inner walls of the arteries, narrowing their inner diameter
Fat cholesterol, calcium, and other materials form plaque

8. Treating Arteriosclerosis: Angioplasty
Catheter with a balloon is inserted into femoral artery and snaked all the way to coronary artery
Balloon is expanded and stent holds artery open

9. Angioplasty

10. Heart Attack
caused by a blockage of an artery that supplies the heart with blood thus cutting off supply of O2 to cardiac cells
symptoms  indigestion
chest pain
pain along the left arm

12. HEART ATTACK (“MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION”)

13. Treating Arteriosclerosis: Coronary Bypass
Section of healthy artery or vein from another part of the body (usually leg) is removed and put in place of blocked coronary artery
Double, triple or quadruple

14. ANGINA

15. Angina treatment
Nitroglycerin dilates coronary arteries, allowing blood to reach cardiac muscle tissue

16. Stroke
caused by a blockage of an artery supplying the brain, cutting off the supply of O2 to brain cells
symptoms vary depending on area of brain affected

18. Aneurysm
occurs as a result of a broken blood vessel causing the inner wall of the artery to bulge

19. ANEURYSMS Abnormal weakening in artery wall
Pressure of the blood flowing through the vessel creates a bulge at the weak spot
When the size of an aneurysm increases, there is a significant risk of rupture, resulting in severe hemorrhage, complications or death

20. HEART MURMURS
A heart murmur is an extra or unusual sound heard during a heartbeat
No symptoms
Usually harmless

21. Heart Disorders
Murmur
one or more of the heart valves does not open or close properly
failure to open  restricts flow of blood from the heart
failure to close  blood being drawn back into the heart
characteristic whooshing or rasping sound caused by the blood escaping from the valve
most common  mitral valve (A-V valve) prolapse

23. “Blue Baby Syndrome”
septal defect is a hole in the septum
allows oxygenated and deoxygenated blood to mix in the heart

24. CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE
Your heart muscle cannot pump, or eject, the blood out of the heart very well. This is called systolic heart failure.
Your heart muscles are stiff and do not fill up with blood easily. This is called diastolic heart failure.

25. CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE
As the heart's pumping action is lost, blood may back up in other areas of the body, causing fluid to build up in the lungs, the liver, the gastrointestinal tract, and the arms and legs.
As a result, there is a lack of oxygen and nutrition to organs, which damages them and reduces their ability to work properly.

26. ANEMIA Lower than normal amount of oxygen reaching tissues due to:
Low number of red blood cells
Less hemoglobin in red blood cells than normal
Sickle cell anemia (abnormally shaped red blood cells)

27. Blood Disorders Anemia
caused by a lack of red blood cells or hemoglobin content

28. Hemophilia
blood clots slowly or not at all
caused by a lack of one of the factors involved in the release or activation of thromboplastin from platelets

29. Mononucleosis
caused by a virus that can be transmitted by saliva, coughs and sneezes
decrease in the ratio of red blood cells to white blood cells so more white blood cells!
As many as 95% of adults between 35 and 40 years of age have been infected

30. LEUKEMIA
Cancer of the blood or bone marrow, where white blood cells are overproduced
These extra white blood cells are immature or dysfunctional, and create a harmful RBC / WBC imbalance

31. Leukemia
a form of cancer that affects the organs that form blood cells
great increase in the number of white blood cells

32. AIDS
(Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)
caused by a virus (HIV) that attacks the immune system, destroying the Helper T cells, affecting the body’s ability to fight infections