1. Latin American Economic and Social Change

2. Warm-up- True or False?  By 1830 all of Spanish South America had gained its independence  With the expansion of coffee growing came an intensification of slavery in Brazil  In 1845 the U.S. moved to annex Texas, a maneuver fostered by the doctrine of eminent domain, the belief that the U.S. was destined to rule the continent from coast to coast

3. Britain in L. America  Britain replaced Spain as main trading partner in L. America  System benefited port cities and landowners but damaged regional industries= land was basis of wealth again

4. The Monroe Doctrine- 1823  Doctrine demanded non-interference in L. America (interference would be considered an unfriendly act by the U.S.)

5. 1820-1850 Stagnation in Latin America  Economies stagnant  Fight between the liberals and conservatives blocked real political reform

6. 1880-1920  Large increase in economic growth  Germany and U.S. enter as major traders with Latin America

7. The Panama Canal  Roosevelt aided Panamanian revolutionaries to get independence from Columbia  Panama Canal completed in 1914  U.S. collected tolls on it  L.Americans become suspicious of U.S. plans on L. America

8. Changes in Mexico  Problem of Texas and U.S. manifest destiny  Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo in 1848 gave the U.S. almost half of Mexico’s territory (California, Texas, Southwest)

9. Political Leaders in Mexico  Santa Anna- caudillo  Benito Juarez and La Reforma – liberal  Maximilian von Hapsburg (installed by the French and assassinated later)  Porfirio Diaz- caudillo

10. 1880-1920: Mexico  Porfiro Diaz provoked serious rebellion by early 1900s  Economic growth occurred at the expense of the peasantry and working class  Civil war from 1909-1919

11. Changes in Argentina  1816 Republic of Rio de la Plata  Political problem: strong (liberal centrists) vs. weak government (federalist)  Juan Maneul de Rosas- federalist came to power (1831-1852)  Domingo F. Sarmiento came to power in 1862 and reformed for the next 30 years  Political stability and foreign investment increased- Buenos Aires

12. 1880-1920: Argentina  Technological change  Immigrants help increase output  Buenos Aires becomes booming metropolis  1890s socialist party had formed

13. Changes in Brazil  Monarchy under Pedro I  Liberals vs. conservatives  Pedro II experimented with republican government  Coffee revived export economy and intensified slavery (abolished 1888)  1889 coup replaces monarchy with a republic

14. Women during the 19 th Century  Women’s roles remained unchanged  Public education allowed some women to become educated and by the end of the century they were fighting for more rights

15. Race in the 19 th Century  Racial and class distinctions remained in tact despite their legal outlaw  Creole elite remained in control of the land, wealth, and politics