1. Many of the figures from this book may be reproduced free of charge in scholarly articles, proceedings, and presentations, provided only that the following citation is clearly indicated: “Reproduced with the permission of the publisher from Computer Graphics: Principles and Practice, Third Edition, by John F. Hughes, Andries van Dam, Morgan McGuire, David F. Sklar, James D. Foley, Steven K. Feiner, and Kurt Akeley. Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.” Reproduction for any use other than as stated above requires the written permission of Pearson Education, Inc. Reproduction of any figure that bears a copyright notice other than that of Pearson Education, Inc., requires the permission of that copyright holder.

2. From Computer Graphics, Third Edition, by John F. Hughes, Andries van Dam, Morgan McGuire, David F. Sklar, James D. Foley, Steven K. Feiner, and Kurt Akeley (ISBN-13: 978-0-321-39952-6). Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure 2.1 Graphics platform as an intermediary between a 2D application and display-device screen-space resources allocated by the window manager.

3. From Computer Graphics, Third Edition, by John F. Hughes, Andries van Dam, Morgan McGuire, David F. Sklar, James D. Foley, Steven K. Feiner, and Kurt Akeley (ISBN-13: 978-0-321-39952-6). Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure 2.2 Evolution in level of abstraction in commercial 2D graphics platforms—from immediate mode to retained mode.

4. From Computer Graphics, Third Edition, by John F. Hughes, Andries van Dam, Morgan McGuire, David F. Sklar, James D. Foley, Steven K. Feiner, and Kurt Akeley (ISBN-13: 978-0-321-39952-6). Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure 2.3 Clock scene with GDI coordinate-system overlay.

5. From Computer Graphics, Third Edition, by John F. Hughes, Andries van Dam, Morgan McGuire, David F. Sklar, James D. Foley, Steven K. Feiner, and Kurt Akeley (ISBN-13: 978-0-321-39952-6). Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure 2.4 Schematic of a graphics application atop a retained-mode platform storing a scene graph.

6. From Computer Graphics, Third Edition, by John F. Hughes, Andries van Dam, Morgan McGuire, David F. Sklar, James D. Foley, Steven K. Feiner, and Kurt Akeley (ISBN-13: 978-0-321-39952-6). Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure 2.5 WPF application/developer interface layers.

7. From Computer Graphics, Third Edition, by John F. Hughes, Andries van Dam, Morgan McGuire, David F. Sklar, James D. Foley, Steven K. Feiner, and Kurt Akeley (ISBN-13: 978-0-321-39952-6). Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure 2.6 WPF-based clock application.

8. From Computer Graphics, Third Edition, by John F. Hughes, Andries van Dam, Morgan McGuire, David F. Sklar, James D. Foley, Steven K. Feiner, and Kurt Akeley (ISBN-13: 978-0-321-39952-6). Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure 2.7 Abstract coordinate system.

9. From Computer Graphics, Third Edition, by John F. Hughes, Andries van Dam, Morgan McGuire, David F. Sklar, James D. Foley, Steven K. Feiner, and Kurt Akeley (ISBN-13: 978-0-321-39952-6). Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure 2.8 Defining the clock face’s geometry using our abstract coordinate system.

10. From Computer Graphics, Third Edition, by John F. Hughes, Andries van Dam, Morgan McGuire, David F. Sklar, James D. Foley, Steven K. Feiner, and Kurt Akeley (ISBN-13: 978-0-321-39952-6). Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure 2.9 Rendered result of revision V.01 of our XAML clock application, exhibiting problems with both image size and positioning.

11. From Computer Graphics, Third Edition, by John F. Hughes, Andries van Dam, Morgan McGuire, David F. Sklar, James D. Foley, Steven K. Feiner, and Kurt Akeley (ISBN-13: 978-0-321-39952-6). Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure 2.10 Schematic view of our application’s initial specification of the clock-face ellipse.

12. From Computer Graphics, Third Edition, by John F. Hughes, Andries van Dam, Morgan McGuire, David F. Sklar, James D. Foley, Steven K. Feiner, and Kurt Akeley (ISBN-13: 978-0-321-39952-6). Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure 2.11 A WPF canvas of size 168 × 96 units, with ClipToBounds=True. Note the hardwired location of the origin and the hardwired semantics of 96 units to the physical inch. On the display device, when rendered by an accurate device driver, this canvas will appear with a size of 1.75 × 1 inches. The canvas is bounded on all four sides and displays only the visual information lying within the bounds.

13. From Computer Graphics, Third Edition, by John F. Hughes, Andries van Dam, Morgan McGuire, David F. Sklar, James D. Foley, Steven K. Feiner, and Kurt Akeley (ISBN-13: 978-0-321-39952-6). Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure 2.12 Progression from an application’s abstract coordinate system, then into the WPF canvas coordinate system, and finally onto the display device as a part of the application window’s client area.

14. From Computer Graphics, Third Edition, by John F. Hughes, Andries van Dam, Morgan McGuire, David F. Sklar, James D. Foley, Steven K. Feiner, and Kurt Akeley (ISBN-13: 978-0-321-39952-6). Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure 2.13 Schematic view of our application now enhanced with a scale transform.

15. From Computer Graphics, Third Edition, by John F. Hughes, Andries van Dam, Morgan McGuire, David F. Sklar, James D. Foley, Steven K. Feiner, and Kurt Akeley (ISBN-13: 978-0-321-39952-6). Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure 2.14 Schematic view of our application now enhanced with a two-step display-transform sequence (scale and translate).

16. From Computer Graphics, Third Edition, by John F. Hughes, Andries van Dam, Morgan McGuire, David F. Sklar, James D. Foley, Steven K. Feiner, and Kurt Akeley (ISBN-13: 978-0-321-39952-6). Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure 2.15 Geometry of our clock-hand template.

17. From Computer Graphics, Third Edition, by John F. Hughes, Andries van Dam, Morgan McGuire, David F. Sklar, James D. Foley, Steven K. Feiner, and Kurt Akeley (ISBN-13: 978-0-321-39952-6). Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure 2.16 Minute hand subjected to the display-transform sequence (1 of 3).

18. From Computer Graphics, Third Edition, by John F. Hughes, Andries van Dam, Morgan McGuire, David F. Sklar, James D. Foley, Steven K. Feiner, and Kurt Akeley (ISBN-13: 978-0-321-39952-6). Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure 2.17 Minute hand subjected to the display-transform sequence (2 of 3).

19. From Computer Graphics, Third Edition, by John F. Hughes, Andries van Dam, Morgan McGuire, David F. Sklar, James D. Foley, Steven K. Feiner, and Kurt Akeley (ISBN-13: 978-0-321-39952-6). Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure 2.18 Minute hand subjected to the display-transform sequence (3 of 3).

20. From Computer Graphics, Third Edition, by John F. Hughes, Andries van Dam, Morgan McGuire, David F. Sklar, James D. Foley, Steven K. Feiner, and Kurt Akeley (ISBN-13: 978-0-321-39952-6). Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure 2.19 Instance of hand template, prior to modeling transform.

21. From Computer Graphics, Third Edition, by John F. Hughes, Andries van Dam, Morgan McGuire, David F. Sklar, James D. Foley, Steven K. Feiner, and Kurt Akeley (ISBN-13: 978-0-321-39952-6). Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure 2.20 Instance of hand template, transformed into hour-hand shape.

22. From Computer Graphics, Third Edition, by John F. Hughes, Andries van Dam, Morgan McGuire, David F. Sklar, James D. Foley, Steven K. Feiner, and Kurt Akeley (ISBN-13: 978-0-321-39952-6). Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure 2.21 Final result of modeling transform that constructs an hour hand at the 7:30 position.

23. From Computer Graphics, Third Edition, by John F. Hughes, Andries van Dam, Morgan McGuire, David F. Sklar, James D. Foley, Steven K. Feiner, and Kurt Akeley (ISBN-13: 978-0-321-39952-6). Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure 2.22 Example of automated UI layout adaptation in a Windows application.

24. From Computer Graphics, Third Edition, by John F. Hughes, Andries van Dam, Morgan McGuire, David F. Sklar, James D. Foley, Steven K. Feiner, and Kurt Akeley (ISBN-13: 978-0-321-39952-6). Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure 2.23 Example of automated scene adaptation in a popular PDF viewer.