1. Andreu Domingo i Valls Centre for Demographic Studies Autonomous University of Barcelona Daniela Vono de Vilhena Institute for Longitudinal Educational Research Bamberg University Africans and Latin-Americans in Southern European Countries: Italy, Spain and Portugal

2. Summary 1.Introduction: Latin-Americans and Africans in Southern European Countries 2. Educational and Labour Characeristics 3. The Economic Crisis 4. Conclusions

3. Population by Citizenship, European Union, 2010 Note: No data for 2010: Bulgaria, Austria and Romania (2009); Malta (2008); France (2005); United Kingdom (2004); Lithuania and Luxembourg (2001); Estonia (2000); Greece (1998); and Cyprus (not available). Latin-America includes North American data: Malta, France, United Kingdom, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Estonia and Greece. EU-27 includes Total European data: United Kingdom, Luxembourg, Estonia and Greece. Source of Data: Eurostat: Population by sex, age group and citizenship (migr_pop1ctz: extracted on 08.09.11)

4. Cartograms of African and Latin-American populations in the European Union, 2010 Africans Latin-Americans EU: 4.8 mil.EU: 2.7 mil. (1) France 1.5 mil. 31,0% (2) Spain 1 mil. 21,7% (3) Italy 931 th. 19,4% (4) Portugal 123 th. 2,6% (1) Spain 1,6 mil. 58% (2) United Kingdom 318 th. 11,7% (3) Italy 283 th. 10,5% (4) France 220 th. 8,1% (5) Portugal 121 th. 4,5% Note: No data for 2010: Bulgaria, Austria and Romania (2009); Malta (2008); France (2005); United Kingdom (2004); Lithuania and Luxembourg (2001); Estonia (2000); Greece (1998); and Cyprus (not available). Latin-America including North American data: Malta, France, United Kingdom, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Estonia and Greece. Source of Data: Eurostat: Population by sex, age group and citizenship (migr_pop1ctz: extracted on 08.09.11)

5. 1 Introduction: 1.-: Why Latin-Americans and Africans? Two opposite genre strategies? Male versus female flows. The colonial path: the role of social capital (language) Different effects of economic crisis? North African revolutions and political changes.

6. 2.- Why Southern European Countries? Replacement migrations or socio-demographic complementary? The colonial path: positive discrimination and prejudices Rise and decline of immigration: economic cycle Uncertainties in future scenarios

7. Five first nationalities by volume, 2009/2010 PortugalSpainItaly Sources: For Italy, Istituto Nazionale di Statistica - ISTAT (December 31th, 2009), for Portugal Serviço de Estrangeiros e Fronteiras (2009) and for Spain Padrón Continuo, Instituto Nacional de Estadística – INE (January 1 st, 2010).

8. 2. Age and Sex Pyramids

9. 2. Educational and Labour characeristics Percentage of population with higher education, by sex, origin and country of residence, 2010. Men Women Source: European Union Labour Force Survey (EU-LFS), EUROSTAT.

10. Activity Rates, 2010 Source: European Union Labour Force Survey (EU-LFS), EUROSTAT. MenWomen

11. Men Women Distribution of African workers by Sector of Activity, 2010 Source: European Union Labour Force Survey (EU-LFS), EUROSTAT.

12. Unemployment Rates, 2010 MenWomen Source: European Union Labour Force Survey (EU-LFS), EUROSTAT.

13. Trends in unemployment rates: Spain. 1999- 2010 Source: Spanish Labour Force Survey, INE. Men Women

14. 4. Conclusions (1):Africans and Latin Americans in Southern European Countries 1.- Segmented integration: Educational profile, social capital (language), legal discrimination, social prejudices. 2.- Impact of crisis: the (im)possibility of return, level of education, female labour force, household perspective. 3.-From complementary to exclusion? Social mobility of migrants and their descendants 4.- Social integration of immigrants as a priority a) Social cohesion b) Future labour force demand

15. 4. Conclusions (2): Africans and Latin Americans in Southern European Countries 1.- Prospects: also becoming immigration countries? a) Maghreb and some Latin-American countries b) Southern European countries: immigration countries or conjectural exception? 2.- Migration as a new transnational space, new opportunities of real cooperation between Africa, Latin- America and Europe.

16. Andreu Domingo i Valls adomingo@ced.uab.es Daniela Vono de Vilhena daniela.vono-de-vilhena@uni-bamberg.de