1. DNA, RNA, Proteins Holt McDougal Biology
HMD Ch 8 Biology Review
DNA, RNA, Proteins
Holt McDougal Biology

2. Question 1 1a. Making a copy of DNA is called __________________.
1b) Which nitrogen base isn’t used during this process because it’s only in RNA not in DNA?
____________

3. Answer 1 1a. Making a copy of DNA is called Replication
1b) Which nitrogen base isn’t used during this process because it’s only in RNA not in DNA?
Uracil

4. Q 2
Name the enzyme you learned about that adds the complementary nucleotides and spell checks in the picture of DNA Replication.
___________________ .

5. A 2
Name the enzyme you learned about that adds the complementary nucleotides and spell checks in the picture of DNA Replication.
DNA Polymerase

6. Q 3 RNA message (mRNA) from the
 This process of making an
RNA message (mRNA) from the
DNA code is called _____________________________

7. A 3 This process of making an RNA message (mRNA) from the DNA code
is called Transcription

8. Q 4
Which kind of RNA has an ANTICODON region and carries the amino acids to the ribosome?

9. A 4
Which kind of RNA has an ANTICODON region and carries the amino acids to the ribosome?
Transfer RNA (tRNA)

10. Q 5
Tell at least 2 ways RNA is different from DNA.

11. A 5 RNA DNA Sugar = ribose Sugar = deoxyribose Single-stranded
Double-stranded
Contains Uracil
Contains Thymine

12. Q 6
What do we call the small pieces of DNA that are edited out of the mRNA message before it is expressed? (you can think of these pieces as getting in the way, so they are removed).

13. A 6
15. What do we call the small pieces of DNA that are edited out of the mRNA message before it is expressed? (you can think of these pieces as getting in the way, so they are removed).
INTRONS

14. Q 7
When making DNA, CYTOSINE always pairs with _______________________.

15. A 7
When making DNA, CYTOSINE always pairs with GUANINE.

16. Q 8
Using an RNA message to make a protein is called ______________.

17. A 8
Using an RNA message to make a protein is called Translation

18. Q 9
9 . Name this subunit used to build DNA and RNA.

19. A 9
19. Name this subunit used to build DNA and RNA.
NUCLEOTIDE

20. Q 10
Give the complementary DNA strand.
A T T G C C A G C

21. A 10 Give the complementary DNA strand. A T T G C C A G C
A T T G C C A G C
T A A C G G T C G

22. Q 11
An experiment conducted by Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase using a blender & bacteriophages showed that
A. pneumonia kills mice
B. Proteins carry the genetic code
C. DNA can be transferred between bacteria
D. DNA carries the genetic code

23. A 11
An experiment conducted by Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase using a blender & bacteriophages showed that
A. pneumonia kills mice
B. Proteins carry the genetic code
C. DNA can be transferred between bacteria
D. DNA carries the genetic code

24. Q 12
12) The process in which one bacteria is changed by the transfer of genetic material from another bacteria is called
_________________.

25. A 12
12) The process in which one bacteria is changed by the transfer of genetic material from another bacteria is called
Transformation

26. Q 13
Name the nucleic acid that is double stranded and contains deoxyribose sugar.

27. A 13
Name the nucleic acid that is double stranded and contains deoxyribose sugar
DNA

28. Q 14
Name this kind of mutation

29. A 14
Name this kind of mutation
INVERSION

30. Q 15
15) Name the woman whose X-ray pictures of DNA helped James Watson and Francis Crick to figure out the structure of DNA.

31. A 15
15) Name the woman whose X-ray pictures of DNA helped James Watson and Francis Crick to figure out the structure of DNA.
Rosalind Franklin

32. Q 16 What is a bacteriophage? Virus that infects bacteria
Bacteria that infects viruses
Virus that infects humans

33. A 16 What is a bacteriophage? Virus that infects bacteria
Bacteria that infects viruses
Virus that infects humans

34. Q 17
17) It has been discovered that __________is the genetic material. A) Proteins B) Viruses C) DNA D) RNA

35. A 17
17) It has been discovered that __________is the genetic material. A) Proteins B) Viruses C) DNA D) RNA

36. Q 18
Name the 5-carbon sugar in DNA.

37. A 18
The 5 carbon sugar in DNA is deoxyribose

38. Q 19
19) Name the 5-carbon sugar in RNA

39. A 19
19) the 5-carbon sugar in RNA is RIBOSE

40. Q 20
20) Do multiple replication forks slow down or speed up DNA replication?

41. A 20
20) Do multiple replication forks slow down or speed up DNA replication?
SPEED UP

42. Q 21
List the 3 parts of a nucleotide.

43. A 21 List the 3 parts of a nucleotide. sugar, Phosphate group,
Nitrogen base

44. Q 22
22) which Scientist(s) showed that genetic material can be transferred between dead & live bacteria?
A) Griffith
B) Avery
C) Hershy & Chase
D) Watson & Crick

45. A 22
22) which Scientist(s) showed that genetic material can be transferred between dead & live bacteria?
A) Griffith
B) Avery
C) Hershy & Chase
D) Watson & Crick

46. Q 23 T or F: “Avery’s experiment showed that
Transformation is prevented by DNA-destroying
enzymes.

47. A 23 T or F: “Avery’s experiment showed that
Transformation is prevented by DNA-destroying
enzymes.
TRUE

48. Q 24 Which scientists did research w/ bacteriophages & a blender?
A) Watson & Crick
B) Hershey & Chase
C) Griffith & Avery

49. A 24 Which scientists did research w/ bacteriophages & a blender?
A) Watson & Crick
B) Hershey & Chase
C) Griffith & Avery

50. Q 25
Hershey & Chase’s experiment showed without question that ________ stores genetic information in cells.
A) RNA B) DNA C) Proteins D) Lipids

51. A 25
Hershey & Chase’s experiment showed without question that ________ stores genetic information in cells.
A) RNA B) DNA C) Proteins D) Lipids

52. Q 26
The amount of thymine in DNA always equals the amount of ______________.

53. A 26
The amount of thymine in DNA always equals the amount of ADENINE

54. Q 27
27) Draw a picture of what a DNA molecule looks like or describe the shape in words.

55. A 27
DNA looks like a double helix or twisted ladder.

56. Q 28 What enzyme adds nucleotides to exposed DNA template bases?
A) DNA mutagenase
B) DNA Helicase
C) DNA Polymerase
D) DNA nuclease

57. A 28 What enzyme adds nucleotides to exposed DNA template bases?
A) DNA mutagenase
B) DNA Helicase
C) DNA Polymerase
D) DNA nuclease

58. Q 29
29) Because of base pairing rules, the % of thymine in DNA is approximately equal to the % of _______________.
A) Adenine B) Uracil C) Guanine D) cystine

59. A 29
29) Because of base pairing rules, the % of thymine in DNA is approximately equal to the % of _______________.
A) Adenine B) Uracil C) Guanine D) cystine

60. Q 30
30) T or F: “DNA replication results in 2 DNA molecules each w/ one new strand & one original strand, so it’s called semiconservative replication.” .

61. A 30
30) T or F: “DNA replication results in 2 DNA molecules each w/ one new strand & one original strand, so it’s called semiconservative replication.”
TRUE .

62. Q31
31) What base does RNA have instead of Thymine? _____________________

63. A 31
31) What base does RNA have instead of Thymine? URACIL

64. Q 32
32) Messenger RNA is transcribed from __________________ during Transcription.
A) tRNA B) rRNA C) DNA D) Proteins

65. A 32
32) Messenger RNA is transcribed from __________________ during Transcription.
A) tRNA B) rRNA C) DNA D) Proteins

66. Q 33
33) During ______________________ the cell uses mRNA to make protiens.
A) Transcription
B) Translation
C) Transformation
D) Replication
E) Duplication

67. A 33
(33) During ______________________ the cell uses mRNA to make protiens.
A) Transcription
B) Translation
C) Transformation
D) Replication
E) Duplication

68. Q 34
T or F: The correct transfer of information in most organisms is from DNA to RNA to Protein.

69. A 34
T or F: The correct transfer of information in most organisms is from DNA to RNA to Protein.
TRUE

70. Q 35
When a chromosome undergoes a ____________ mutation, information is lost.
A) Inversion B) Deletion C) Duplication

71. A 35
When a chromosome undergoes a ____________ mutation, information is lost.
A) Inversion B) Deletion C) Duplication

72. Q 36
36) List the 3 types of RNA (give words and abbreviation)

73. A 36 36) List the 3 types of RNA (give words and abbreviation)
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

74. Q 37
37) T or F: “cells must control gene expression so their genes will only be expressed when needed.”

75. A 37
37) T or F: “cells must control gene expression so their genes will only be expressed when needed.”
TRUE

76. Q 38
38) A _______________________protein blocks movement of RNA Polymerase.
A) RNA helicase
B) Repressor
C) RNA Blockage
D) Promotor

77. A 38 A REPRESSOR protein blocks movement of RNA polymerase.
A) RNA helicase
B) Repressor
C) RNA Blockage
D) Promotor