1. EU Regulations & Standards on EDS for Cabin Baggage Screening: Meeting the challenges of future
Anthony Parker
May 6, 2015
Bahrain

2. What are we trying to Achieve?
“On the day that the terrorist attempts to bring a threat through we need to ensure that the security Officer has at their disposal the best tools for the job to make the correct decision”
Richard Doney - DfT

3. Current Process Passenger Cabin Baggage 100% of bags screened for
Fully made IED
Guns/knives
Other prohibited items
Small percentage screened for explosives
100% Passengers automatically screened for some threats
Random percentage screened for rest of threats
1st September 2015 – ETD permitted.

4. Pre 9/11 Security threat picture
Biggest threat from Hijacking
Available technology
Single view x-ray for operator image analysis
WTMD and hand search for passengers
Use of ETD on
The security process and use of technology perfectly matched the threat picture of the time

5. What is the Threat now?
Post 9/11 Terrorist Attacks on Aviation targets
2001 Shoe Bomber
2004 Chechen Female suicide bombers
2006 Liquid bombs
2009 Underwear bomber
2010 Yemen (cargo)
Government Threats office list attack using explosives as main concern – UK DfT are currently undertaking work around this threat
TSA EA’s centre around the threat of explosives

6. Risk Management
Perceived probability of attack using explosives is high
Severity of an attack using explosives is high
Mitigation for threat should be high
This slide uses the “Slide” master with an image added in the background

7. EU Regulation for the checkpoint (187/2015)
Legislation coming into effect 1st March will state that cabin baggage must be screened by:
EDS equipment
Conventional  X-ray equipment with a continuous and random percentage of bags rejected for examination with ETD (this percentage being decreased if TIP is used)
Conventional X-ray equipment with a continuous and random percentage of bags rejected for hand search (this percentage being higher than that for ETD, and again reduced if TIP is used)
EDS standards for Cabin baggage screening will be:
C1 is EDS capability with the current procedures of liquids and large electronics out of bags
C2 is EDS with large electronics in bags but liquids out
C3 is EDS with large electronics and liquids in bags
C4 is an aspirational standard with a lower F/A, a wider range of threats with lower threat mass. There was no incentive mentioned for airports to purchase a C4 system

8. Timeline for introduction of EDS at Checkpoint
ECAC to begin testing of systems Q1 2016
On average systems take 3 attempts to pass blind tests
Assuming 2 attempts at being tested in Q1 and Q3, first approvals would be announced Nov 2016
Airports would want to run trials before any purchases are made
Trials likely to be Q1 2017

9. Issue laying EDS on top of current process
Use of EDS will lead to a higher number of bags being rejected for a secondary search Airports are unlikely to cope with 100% image viewing and opening of more bags
Need to consider a process which utilises modern technology to give best chance of detection explosive threat

10. Current Set-Up

11. Proposed Set-Up

12. What is the Detection box
A series of algorithms with different functions, these do not all need to be available at the beginning
ECAC defined EDS standards
Clear Bag algorithms
EDS
Metallic
Shape Recognition
Knives
Guns
Gun components

13. EU Regulation regarding resolution
Attachment 4C – Prohibitive items Dynamite, Gunpowder and plastic explosives are listed as prohibited items for the checkpoint on their own Where EDS equipment is used, all alarms shall be resolved to the satisfaction of the screener so as to reasonably ensure that no prohibited articles are carried into the SRA or on board an aircraft.

14. Alarm Resolution Procedures (ARP)

15. Pay-Offs
Regulators:
A Measurable increase in detection of the high risk threats
Increase in the perception of greater security
Can keep one process and change algorithms depending on intelligence
Passengers:
The convenience of leaving electrical items in their bags
For the majority a faster, smoother transition through security

16. Pay-Offs
Airports:
Increased throughput (potentially up to 925 trays per hour)
Decrease in passenger hassle, increase passenger spend
Reduce overall running cost of the checkpoint
Reduce staffing levels at non busy times
Negates the need for
Training for x-ray operatives (NXCT)
Continual Training (6*6)
TIP libraries and software
TIP updates
Allows for Flexibility over 20 minute rule

17. Summary
Changes are needed now to focus on the true threats
The technology to achieve this exists and is already deployed
This can be achieved with “wins” for all stakeholders

18. Questions