1. Phylum Chordata- the chordates! Pages 767-770
4 key characteristics at some point:
1. dorsal, hollow nerve cord- nerves branch off from this
2. notochord- long supporting rod (most only have as an embryo)
3. pharyngeal pouches- slits in fish and amphibians that develop gills for gas exchange
4. tail that extends beyond the anus- at some point in their lives
4-week old human

2. Subphylum Vertebrata- vertebrates
dorsal hollow nerve cord = spinal cord
Notochord develops into backbone
2 groups of NON-VERTEBRATE CHORDATES!
Subphylum Urochordata-
tunicates (pg.769)
Larva has it all but
adults DO NOT HAVE
a notochord OR tail!
Subphylum Cephalochordata-
lancelets (pg 770)
Keeps hollow nerve cord,
notochord and tail as an adult!

3. Vertebrate Tour: Reference Biology-Prentice Hall and Preserved & Live Specimens
* Body Plan/ Symmetry Same for ALL groups. What type are they?
Fish: p771
List 3 adaptations that allow fish to live in the water.
The term “Fish” encompasses what 3 classes?
Give an example for each class.
Amphibians: p782
List 4 characteristics of all amphibians.
List the 3 Orders (sirens now with salamanders) and one example for each.
Fertilization is external in amphibians. What does this mean?
Reptiles: p797
Describe the amniotic egg. Why is this an important adaptation for all reptiles?
Name 3 other adaptations for reptiles’ life on land.
Like fish and amphibians, reptiles are ectothermic. What does this mean?
What reptile behaviors help them with temperature?
List the 4 Orders and give an example of each.
Birds: p806
List 5 characteristics of all birds.
Birds are endothermic. What does this mean? What does this enable birds to do?
What is the job of the gizzard? What may be found in the gizzard to help this process along?
Describe 3 cues that birds use to navigate when migrating.
Mammals: p821
List 5 characteristics of all mammals.
How is reproduction different in Marsupials and Monotremes?
Give 2 examples for each of these unique mammal Orders.
In Placental Mammals, young develop in a placenta. What is the function of the placenta?