1. Gliese 581b Gliese 581gGliese 581eEarth Gliese 581f Gliese 581c Gliese 581d

3. Gliese Jahreiß 581 red dwarf variable of BY Dra type M5 V C0.31 M O 6.2 pc 0.29 R O 8 Ga3500 K m V = 10.55

4. Bonfils et. al (2005) FRA Gliese Jahreiß 581 red dwarf variable of BY Dra type M5 V C0.31 M O 6.2 pc 0.29 R O 8 Ga3500 K m V = 10.55

5. Bonfils et. al (2005) Udry et. al (2007) SWZ FRA Gliese Jahreiß 581 red dwarf variable of BY Dra type M5 V C0.31 M O 6.2 pc 0.29 R O 8 Ga3500 K m V = 10.55

6. Bonfils et. al (2005) Udry et. al (2007) Mayor et. al (2009) FRA SWZ FRA Gliese Jahreiß 581 red dwarf variable of BY Dra type M5 V C0.31 M O 6.2 pc 0.29 R O 8 Ga3500 K m V = 10.55

7. Bonfils et. al (2005) Udry et. al (2007) Mayor et. al (2009) ? FRA SWZ FRA Gliese Jahreiß 581 red dwarf variable of BY Dra type M5 V C0.31 M O 6.2 pc 0.29 R O 8 Ga3500 K m V = 10.55

8. R adial V elocity measurements (RV) D oppler S pectroscopy (DS) HARPS H igh A ccuracy R adial Velocity P lanet S earcher 3.6 m telescope of La Silla Observatory, Chile (2003 - today) PI: Michel Mayor

9. eb c d Mayor et al. (2009) Forveille et al. (2011) R adial V elocity measurements (RV)

10. Parameter: planetary distances PHL – UPR Arecibo

11. Parameter: planetary distances PHL – UPR Arecibo

12. Parameter: planetary conditions GJ581 e GJ581 b GJ581 d GJ581 f GJ581 g ≥ 15.6 M E a = 0.04 AU e = 0.03 P orb ≈ 5.36 d ≥ 1.9 M E a = 0.03 AU e = 0 P orb ≈ 3.15 d GJ581 c ≥ 7.1 M E a = 0.22 AU e = 0.25 P orb ≈ 66.64 d ≈ 3.5 M E a = 0.14 AU e = ? P orb ≈ 36.65 d ≥ 5.3 M E a = 0.07 AU e = 0.07 P orb ≈ 12.91 d ≈ 7.0 M E a = 0.75 AU e = ? P orb ≈ 433 d low eccentricity fast translation ( = in the HZ )  3.5 

13. GJ581 e GJ581 b GJ581 d GJ581 f GJ581 g ≥ 15.6 M E (M Nept = 17.1 M E ) ≥ 1.9 M E unlikely existence of gaseous atmosphere GJ581 c ≥ 7.1 M E ≈ 3.5 M E ≥ 5.3 M E ≈ 7.0 M E Climatic Models Greenhouse Effect + Albedo + Temperature + CO 2 cycle possible gaseous atmosphere + liquid water on surface Parameter: planetary conditions Chylek and Pérez (2007)

14. Parameter: resemblance to Earth Schulze-Makuch et al. (2011) Méndez (2011) Earth Similarity Index

15. Parameter: resemblance to Earth Schulze-Makuch et al. (2011) Méndez (2011) Earth Similarity Index

16. Parameter: resemblance to Earth Schulze-Makuch et al. (2011) Méndez (2011) Earth Similarity Index Kepler candidates

17. The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia (updated January 19 th 2012) Statistics : 591 planetary systems / 726 planets / 88 multiple planet systems But… GJ 581 f and GJ 581 g can NOT be found.

18. The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia (updated January 19 th 2012) Statistics : 591 planetary systems / 726 planets / 88 multiple planet systems But… GJ 581 f and GJ 581 g can NOT be found. GJ 581 f GJ 581 g Forveille et al. 2011 – The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets XXXII. Only 4 planets in the Gl 581 system. Forveille et al. (2011)

19. GJ 581 f GJ 581 g Forveille et al. (2011) The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia (updated January 19 th 2012) Statistics : 591 planetary systems / 726 planets / 88 multiple planet systems But… GJ 581 f and GJ 581 g can NOT be found. Forveille et al. 2011 – The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets XXXII. Only 4 planets in the Gl 581 system. no evidence of the expected ±1.3m/s signal  2 (6 planet model) = 4.54 >>  2 (4 planet model) = 2.57 (Vogt et al. 2010) Forveille et al. (2011) exclude GJ 581 f and GJ 581 g with their current parameters (from Vogt et al. 2010)

20. -As of now: 4 planets accepted (e, b, c, d) -Suspicions of more, but they need to be confirmed with accurate data: precise periodograms, residuals, etc. -Likely life bearers…? -Kepler telescope, new planetary system models, etc. -Increase on the number of rocky exoplanets (Kepler), limit?

21. wtf…?

23. Chylek and Pérez A&A manuscript Feb 1 st 2008 - Considerations for the habitable zone of super-Earth planets in Gliese 581. Forveille et al. A&A manuscript, Sept. 12 th 2011 - The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets. XXXII: Only 4 planets in the Gl 581 system. Mayor et al. A&A 507 487 - The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets. XVIII: An Earth- mass planet in the Gl 581 planetary system. Schulze-Makuch et al. 2011 - A Two-Tiered Approach to Assess the Habitability of Exoplanets. Vogt et al. ApJ. 723:954 - The Lick-Carnegie Exoplanet Survey: a 3.1Mo planet in the Habitable Zone of the nearby M3V star Gliese 581. von Bloh et al. A&A manuscript, Feb 24 th 2011 - Habitability of the Goldilocks planet Gliese 581g. Results from geodynamic models. von Braun et al. arXiv:1102.0237v1 – Astrophysical parameters and Habitable Zone of the exoplanet hosting star GJ 581. Planetary Habitability Laboratory. UPR Arecibo.

24. Thank you!