1. http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/NCI/research-funding Federal Spending on Cancer Homework #3 is due now Bonus #2 is posted No class 11/20 or 22

2. For life to exist, the information (genes) must be passed on. {Mitosis: producing more cells} {Meiosis: producing gametes}

3. extremely low genetic diversity greater genetic diversity vs. Asexaul Reproduction Sexaul Reproduction

4. Fig 2.19 Meiosis splits apart the pairs of chromosomes. X 23 in humans

5. haploid diploid X 23 in humans X 23 in humans X 23 in humans Inheritance = The interaction between genes inherited from Mom and Dad.

6. Crossing- over Meiosis I Meiosis II 4 Haploid cells, each unique Meiosis: In humans, crossing-over and independent assortment lead to over 1 trillion possible unique gametes. (1,000,000,000,000) Box 2.2 (Ind. Assort.)

7. PhenotypeGenotype Genes code for proteins (or RNA). These gene products give rise to traits… It is rarely this simple. Figs 1.15-17

8. Incomplete dominance givers rise to blending.

9. Human blood types AA or AO AB (Codominance) BB or BO OO

10. Sex determination is normally inherited by whole chromosomes or by number of chromosomes.

11. X/Y chromosomes in humans

12. The X chromosome has many genes; the Y chromosome only has genes for maleness.

13. Human sex chromosomes Fig 2.25

14. Sex-linked traits are genes located on the X chromosome

15. Color Blind Test

16. Sex-linked traits: Genes on the X chromosome No one affected, female carriers A= normal; a= colorblind colorblind normal similar to Fig 2.27

17. Sex-linked traits: Genes on the X chromosome 50% of males affected, 0 % females affected A= normal; a= colorblind normal similar to Fig 2.27

18. Sex-linked traits: Genes on the X chromosome 50% males affected, 50% females affected A= normal; a= colorblind colorblind normal similar to Fig 2.27

19. Sex-linked traits: Genes on the X chromosome No one affected, female carriers 50% of males affected, 0 % female affected 50% males affected, 50% females affected A= normal ; a= colorblind similar to Fig 2.27

20. X/Y chromosomes in humans should give rise to equal numbers of males and females

21. 105 males : 100 females (live births) Why?

22. 105 males : 100 females (live births) Why?

24. Is this all of your DNA?

25. Mitochondria have their own DNA. Fig 3.18

26. Endosymbiotic Theory - proposed origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts from free-living bacteria to cellular organelles

27. Human Life Cycle Combination of two individuals DNA

28. mitochondria Only the egg provides mitochondria to the offspring. Pg 112

29. Human Life Cycle In females Mom provides 50.000275% and Dad provides 49.999825% of DNA to offspring. … because Mom provides 100% of mitochondrial DNA

30. Mitochondrial DNA comparisons can be used to trace ancestry:

31. Tsar’s Family During the Bolshevik revolution, the Tsar’s family was captured and executed.

32. Tsar’s Family There are many stories about what happened to their youngest daughter Anastasia

34. Anna Anderson, claimed she was Anastasia

35. Anna Anderson claimed she was Anastasia, but tests of her mtDNA and one of Anastasia’s maternal relatives did not match.

36. For more info check out: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Duchess_Anastasia_Nikolaevna_of_Russia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Duchess_Anastasia_Nikolaevna_of_Russia Or the book “Seven Daughters of Eve” by Bryan Sykes

37. http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/NCI/research-funding Federal Spending on Cancer Homework #3 is due now Bonus #2 is posted No class 11/20 or 22