1. BELLRINGER No SOL Challenge Today Have out your homework—the pictures! On a piece of paper called “Bellringer 2/29/12” (page 95) please answer the following questions: 1.What were the Inter-War Years (…think about it) and what government was in control of Germany during the Interwar Years? 2.What was the Great Depression? 3.Why did the USA fall into the Great Depression? 4.What happened to Europe when the USA fell into the Great Depression? BJOTD: WHAT IS A PILOT’S FAVORITE KIND OF PIZZA?

2. COMMUNISM VS. FASCISM, PAGE 96 COMMUNISM Belief in:  The power of the people  One party system dedicated to the people  Government-run economy (command economy)  Totalitarian: Government controlled all aspects of life Located in the USSR during the Inter-War Years FASCISM Belief in:  Loyalty to the state (extreme nationalism)  Obedience to a charismatic leader  Totalitarian: government controlled all aspects of life Promised to revive the economy and punish those responsible for the hard times. Located in Germany and Italy during the Inter-War years

3. BELLRINGER Put your interim in the bin. HAVE OUT YOUR HITLER PACKET FROM LAST TIME! BJOTD: What is a vampire’s favorite fruit?

4. THE RISE OF THE NAZIS After the war, Hitler joined the National Socialist German Workers’ Party or Nazis After a short time he was named der Fuhrer, or leader Most Germans ignored Hitler until the Great Depression struck. Then they turned to him for help.

5. 1933: Nazis become the largest party in the Reichstag, or German Parliament January 1933: Hitler was named Chancellor to help fight off the growing Communist threat 2/27/1933: Burning of the Reichstag 3/23/1933: Hitler was given absolute power for 4 years(The Enabling Act) HITLER BECOMES CHANCELLOR

6. WHAT HITLER DID ONCE IN POWER: EIN REICH, EIN VOLK, EIN FUHRER Totalitarian State—How did Hitler control the people??

7.  Jews less than 1 percent  Used as a scapegoat for Germany’s problems  1933- laws were passed depriving Jew of rights  On November 9, 1938, Nazis attacked Jewish schools and home, burning thousands.  Called Kristallnacht( Night of broken Glass). Symbolizes the start of Hitler’s plan of eliminating Jews from Germany THE ROLE OF HATRED AND ANTI-SEMITISM (HATRED OF JEWS)

8. Fascism was able to grow in popularity in Italy, b/c many were still bitter about Italy’s lack of territorial gains after WWI Rising inflation and unemployment also fueled fascism Italians did not believe their democratic government would be able to stop the country’s problems, so they looked for a new leader ITALY—WHAT WAS HAPPENING?

9. THE RISE OF MUSSOLINI Benito Mussolini promised to fix Italy by fixing the economy and building a stronger military Mussolini founded the first fascist party in 1919 He spoke out against his main opponent, the communists, and slowly gained popularity and support In October 1922, 30,000 fascists marched to Rome and demanded Mussolini be put in charge, it worked!

10. MUSSOLINI=IL DUCE  Promised to restore the glory of Rome  Abolished democracy  Stopped all parties, but fascism  Secret police jailed opponents  Radio stations and newspapers could only promote fascist causes

11. Mussolini Attacks Ethiopia in 1935  Ethiopia was one of the last remaining free colonies in Africa  The Ethiopians had resisted Italy in the 1890’s and Italy wanted revenge Mussolini never had as much control as Hitler or Stalin.

12. JAPAN In the 1920’s Japan was becoming more democratic  Kellogg- Briand Pact- renounced war  Signed a treaty with China respecting China’s borders  Weak prime minister and cabinet  Military leaders only answered to the emperor

13. MILITARISTS TAKE CONTROL OF JAPAN 1930- the depression was blamed on the government, people looked for new leaders Military took control of Japan – Imperialist government  Unlike fascism, no new system of government  Wanted to restore traditional control of the country to the military  Emperor was the symbol of power

14. Emperor Hirohito remained emperor and controlled the military Hideki Tojo was his general  Wanted to solve the economic problems by foreign expansion  They planned a Pacific Empire, that included China  The empire would provide raw materials and space for the growing population

15. JAPAN BEGINS TO CREATE AN EMPIRE Japan takes over Manchuria in 1931  A region in northeastern China  Rich in iron and coal  Set up a puppet government So what did The League of Nations do?  The League protested Japan’s aggression and condemned Japan  Japan ignored protests and withdrew from the League

16. Japan invades China 4 years later  Despite China’s large army they were not able to beat Japan’s better army  In 1937, Beijing, the capital and other northern cities fell to Japan  The Japanese killed tens of thousands of captured soldiers and civilians  Chinese Communist guerrillas lead by Mao Zedong continued to fight

17. PROCESSING What did all three of these new leaders/governments have in common? (Give 2 ways) How were these three leaders/governments different? (Give 2 ways) How effective has the League of Nations been in the 1930s at keeping the peace?