1. doc.: IEEE 802.15- 15-08-0163-00-0006 Submission 18 March, 2008 Guido Dolmans, IMEC-NLSlide 1 Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) Submission Title: [Applications, Channels, and Radio Architectures] Date Submitted: [18 March, 2008] Source: [Guido Dolmans] Company [Holst Centre / IMEC-NL] Address [High Tech Campus 31, Eindhoven, the Netherlands] Voice:[+31 40 2774094], FAX: [+44 40 2746400], E-Mail:[guido.dolmans@imec-nl.nl] Re: [] Abstract:[This presentation puts forward a list of applications, channel models, and radio architectures.] Purpose:[For discussion by the group in order to provide applications scenarios, develop channel models and discuss radio architectures for IEEE P802.15.6.] Notice:This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. Release:The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15.

2. doc.: IEEE 802.15- 15-08-0163-00-0006 Submission 18 March, 2008 Guido Dolmans, IMEC-NLSlide 2 Presentation Outline  Applications  Channel Models  Radio Architectures

3. doc.: IEEE 802.15- 15-08-0163-00-0006 Submission 18 March, 2008 Guido Dolmans, IMEC-NLSlide 3  Medical check-up  Physical rehabilitation  Physiological monitoring BAN Applications HEALTHCARE ASSISTED LIVING  Blind person  Speech disability  Artificial hands/legs  Wearable audio  Video game controller  Fitness monitoring ENTERTAINMENT & SPORTS

4. doc.: IEEE 802.15- 15-08-0163-00-0006 Submission 18 March, 2008 Guido Dolmans, IMEC-NLSlide 4 From Technology to Emerging Health Monitoring Concepts Wireless autonomous EEG monitoring Wireless sleep staging Wireless ECG patch Wireless Emotion Monitoring

5. doc.: IEEE 802.15- 15-08-0163-00-0006 Submission 18 March, 2008 Guido Dolmans, IMEC-NLSlide 5 Wireless ambulatory EEG monitoring ULP biopotential read-out ASIC 3D-SiP layer integration 1cm3 Low power <10mW 200220062008

6. doc.: IEEE 802.15- 15-08-0163-00-0006 Submission 18 March, 2008 Guido Dolmans, IMEC-NLSlide 6 Wireless EEG system powered by body heat 2 channel wireless EEG –10m range –Consuming 0.8mW Thermo electric generator –2mW –0.03mW/cm 2

7. doc.: IEEE 802.15- 15-08-0163-00-0006 Submission 18 March, 2008 Guido Dolmans, IMEC-NLSlide 7 Wireless Sleep monitoring Sleep apnea prevalence –Europe: 4% male population, 2% female population –USA: 10% population Narcolepsy prevalence –1 in 1359 Dramatic socio-economic consequences Current sleep monitoring systems –Expensive, non-natural environment –Wired systems: cumbersome, noisy, hinder mobility Wireless sleep staging system –Ambulatory and comfort –Pre-screening in home environment

8. doc.: IEEE 802.15- 15-08-0163-00-0006 Submission 18 March, 2008 Guido Dolmans, IMEC-NLSlide 8 Wireless Body Area Network for sleep staging Enhanced patient comfort –No wires from head to body –Miniaturized and light-weight Noise reduction 20+ hours autonomy

9. doc.: IEEE 802.15- 15-08-0163-00-0006 Submission 18 March, 2008 Guido Dolmans, IMEC-NLSlide 9 Preliminary clinical evaluation

10. doc.: IEEE 802.15- 15-08-0163-00-0006 Submission 18 March, 2008 Guido Dolmans, IMEC-NLSlide 10 Wireless ECG patch Hybrid integration –Electronics integration on flex substrate –Textile integration for stretchability Flexible core part –ULP bio-potential read-out front end –175mAh Li-ion battery Band-aid integration –Wire-free and easy to set-up –Fits any body shapes and electrode placement

11. doc.: IEEE 802.15- 15-08-0163-00-0006 Submission 18 March, 2008 Guido Dolmans, IMEC-NLSlide 11 Towards automated arrhythmia detection

12. doc.: IEEE 802.15- 15-08-0163-00-0006 Submission 18 March, 2008 Guido Dolmans, IMEC-NLSlide 12 Monitoring emotions Emotional response ANS Homeostasis … CNS Control behavior Info processing … Vocal system Speech … Emotional response is one of many reasons for changes in ANS, CNS and vocal system –Need to isolate emotion response –Need for integration of multi-modalities Ultra-low-power wireless sensor nets as enabling technology

13. doc.: IEEE 802.15- 15-08-0163-00-0006 Submission 18 March, 2008 Guido Dolmans, IMEC-NLSlide 13 Emotion monitoring: psycho-physiological response to external stimuli

14. doc.: IEEE 802.15- 15-08-0163-00-0006 Submission 18 March, 2008 Guido Dolmans, IMEC-NLSlide 14 First prototype of emotion monitor Emotion

15. doc.: IEEE 802.15- 15-08-0163-00-0006 Submission 18 March, 2008 Guido Dolmans, IMEC-NLSlide 15 Application 1: monitoring psycho-physiological (emotional) acceptance of drug treatment Hospital analysis WBAN: ULP UWB for 15.14a standard Network (security, privacy, reliability) Continuous monitoring from home

16. doc.: IEEE 802.15- 15-08-0163-00-0006 Submission 18 March, 2008 Guido Dolmans, IMEC-NLSlide 16 Application 2: Biofeedback and emotion control ECG, Respiration Temperature, GSR Back muscle stiffness Emotion classification Feedback Visual Auditive Pharmaceutical

17. doc.: IEEE 802.15- 15-08-0163-00-0006 Submission 18 March, 2008 Guido Dolmans, IMEC-NLSlide 17 Presentation Outline  Applications  Channel Models  Radio Architectures

18. doc.: IEEE 802.15- 15-08-0163-00-0006 Submission 18 March, 2008 Guido Dolmans, IMEC-NLSlide 18 Deployment of BAN devices can be indoor, outdoor, in home, hospital, small clinic, fitness center Wearable BAN:  multipath including blocking  sensitive to human movement (e.g. twisting, turning, sitting, walking, running) Implantable BAN:  Different path losses among organs and tissues : on-body devices : in-body devices Implant Wearable PHY choice wearable BAN: narrowband or UWB ? BAN Propagation Scenarios

19. doc.: IEEE 802.15- 15-08-0163-00-0006 Submission 18 March, 2008 Guido Dolmans, IMEC-NLSlide 19 BAN Measurements Measurements on body (around and along the torso)

20. doc.: IEEE 802.15- 15-08-0163-00-0006 Submission 18 March, 2008 Guido Dolmans, IMEC-NLSlide 20 Narrowband ISM Band Measurements Measured pathloss around the body

21. doc.: IEEE 802.15- 15-08-0163-00-0006 Submission 18 March, 2008 Guido Dolmans, IMEC-NLSlide 21 UWB BAN Measurements (1) PdB = P0dB + 10n log(d=d0) Path Loss around and along the torso Antennas are separated from the body by 5mm

22. doc.: IEEE 802.15- 15-08-0163-00-0006 Submission 18 March, 2008 Guido Dolmans, IMEC-NLSlide 22 UWB BAN Measurements (2) Power fluctuations of body standing still and in a walking motion

23. doc.: IEEE 802.15- 15-08-0163-00-0006 Submission 18 March, 2008 Guido Dolmans, IMEC-NLSlide 23  Path loss diffracted around the body is much higher than waves traveling along the front the body  Significant variations when arms are moved so that they shadow the LOS between the two antennas  Significant amount of energy due to reflections from objects in surrounding office environment after 30 cm TX-RX separation. UWB BAN Measurements Conclusions

24. doc.: IEEE 802.15- 15-08-0163-00-0006 Submission 18 March, 2008 Guido Dolmans, IMEC-NLSlide 24 Presentation Outline  Applications  Channel Models  Radio Architectures

25. doc.: IEEE 802.15- 15-08-0163-00-0006 Submission 18 March, 2008 Guido Dolmans, IMEC-NLSlide 25 S 10W A 10W Front End 20W DSP 20W Radio 20W Micropower System -100W P 20W Technology Thermal, Vibrational, RF, Light, Bio-chemical Non Electrical World

26. doc.: IEEE 802.15- 15-08-0163-00-0006 Submission 18 March, 2008 Guido Dolmans, IMEC-NLSlide 26 Fundamental design guidelines (recapitulation) Miniaturized sensor nodes – small form factor Limited range (0.01 to 2 meters, extendable to 5 meters) Extremely low consumption power (0.1 to 1 mW) Significant path loss Energy scavenging / battery-less operation Scalable data rate: 10 bps - 1 Mbps, extendable to 10 Mbps Different classes of QoS for high reliability, asymmetric traffic Energy efficient, low complexity MAC and upper layers High security/privacy required for certain applications

27. doc.: IEEE 802.15- 15-08-0163-00-0006 Submission 18 March, 2008 Guido Dolmans, IMEC-NLSlide 27 Network Characteristics Traffic patterns and features:  Continuous periodic data e.g., low rate medical signals, or high rate audio streaming  Event-driven/burst data e.g., transmission requests, network commands, alarm signals Upstream data from sensors to controller are dominant Little redundancy in traffic, as limited space on body for redundant sensors Network topology  Multihop optionally  Reservation based MAC  Star network  Receiver diversity optionally

28. doc.: IEEE 802.15- 15-08-0163-00-0006 Submission 18 March, 2008 Guido Dolmans, IMEC-NLSlide 28 Proposed Networks  Receive diversity option  Relay channel option: data rate is very low (below 1Mbps)  ECC encoding  Wake up strategy Smart wake up receiver Routing algorithms  ULP radio Subsampling / superregenerative receivers  Modulation scheme BPSK OOK

29. doc.: IEEE 802.15- 15-08-0163-00-0006 Submission 18 March, 2008 Guido Dolmans, IMEC-NLSlide 29 Receiver Diversity Exploitation Sensor node: extremely tight power budget Shifting as much complexity as possible to the master device Master device: slightly more relaxed power budget Exploitation of receiver diversity to reduce transmission power Spatial Diversity (multiple antennas) Temporal Diversity (oversampling) Networking Diversity (multiple routes) Motivation Possible Solutions

30. doc.: IEEE 802.15- 15-08-0163-00-0006 Submission 18 March, 2008 Guido Dolmans, IMEC-NLSlide 30 Receiver Diversity Example Sensor Node Master Device Master device can jointly process data from different links. Networking Diversity Spatial Diversity Temporal Diversity