1. Baseline Setting and Monitoring: Sectoral Approaches Joint Implementation Expert Workshop, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 9 March 2006 Bettina Wittneben, PhD www.wupperinst.org

2.  Sectoral ApproachesBettina Wittneben What is the Sectoral CDM? Multiple activities - one PDD Clustered - private sector initiatives Policy versus Program - deliberate governmental initiative One enacting agent versus bundling Similar sites, yet possibly different timing and participants

3.  Sectoral ApproachesBettina Wittneben What is a Sector? Traditional sector, e.g. energy Subsector, e.g. upgrading all gas-fired power plants to combined cycles All emissions from a city or region All emissions of one particular non-CO2 gas Combination, e.g. transport in a particular city

4.  Sectoral ApproachesBettina Wittneben Further Issues for JI Projects Who is involved in the planning process? Who implements the projects? Where is the income generated? Ensure integrity and ability to monitor Approval process: case-by-case versus decision at international level

5.  Sectoral ApproachesBettina Wittneben Sample JI Projects Slovakia (with Netherlands) - 8 regional landfill projects Hungary (with Netherlands) - 3 landfill projects Poland (with Canada) - 3 small hydro power plants Romania (with Switzerland) - 2 district heating networks Romania (with Denmark) - 5 sawdust biomass projects Romania (with Netherlands) - 4 landfill projects

6.  Sectoral ApproachesBettina Wittneben Thank you for your attention! bettina.wittneben@wupperinst.org wolfgang.sterk@wupperinst.org www.wupperinst.org/jiko Sterk, W. and Wittneben, B. (2005) Addressing Opportunities and Challenges of a Sectoral Approach to the Clean Development Mechanism COP 11 Side Event on Clustering CDM